Under Augustus the office lost much of its importance, its judicial functions and the care of the games being transferred to the praetor, while its city responsibilities were limited by the appointment of a praefectus urbi.

Under Claudius, the Empire underwent its first major expansion since the reign of Augustus.

Under Augustus, senators and equestrians and their descendants were formally excluded from the infamia of association with the arena and its personnel ( arenarii ).

Under Tiberius, the Larinum decree ( 19 CE ) reiterated the laws which Augustus himself had waived.

Under the reign of Augustus, when the capital had grown to almost one million inhabitants, 14 wards were created ; the wards were protected by seven squads of 1, 000 men called " vigiles ", who acted as firemen and nightwatchmen.

Under Salic law, the Kingdom of Hanover passes to William's brother, Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, ending the personal union of Britain and Hanover which has persisted since 1714.

Under Augustus, however, this custom had been revived and applied to cover slander or libellous writings as well, eventually leading to a long cycle of trials and executions under such emperors as Tiberius, Caligula and Nero, spawning entire networks of informers that terrorized Rome's political system for decades.

* Under emperor Augustus, Rome celebrates the Secular games, for which Horace's hymn the Carmen Saeculare is commissioned.

Under Augustus, Gallia Lugdunensis was reduced in size.

Under the Second Triumvirate its territory was portioned out by the Triumvirs to their veterans, and subsequently a fresh colony was established there by Augustus, who greatly enlarged its domain by the addition of the territory of Caudium ( modern Montesarchio ).

Under the grant prominent persons such as William Augustus Barnett and families, the Dukes, settled the region.

Under Augustus, there was a three-day official holiday.

Under semi-Salic law, Victoria could not inherit the German kingdom and duchies unless the entire male line became extinct ; those possessions passed to the next eligible male heir, her uncle Ernest Augustus I of Hanover, the Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale — the fifth son of George III.

Under the orders of their stepfather Emperor Augustus, they enslaved the Celts and Alp-dwellers and founded the military camp Augusta Vindelicum on the site of current-day Augsburg.

Under Augustus, the African Proconsul had command over it and several other legions.

Under Augustus, a woman who had gained the ius liberorum, the legal right to certain privileges after bearing three children, was also released from guardianship.

Under the management of James Augustus Thomas from Rockingham, North Carolina, USA, by 1919 the Shanghai factory was producing more than 243 million cigarettes per week.

Under Augustus, the senatorial elite was given formal status ( as the ordo senatorius ) with a higher wealth threshold ( 250, 000 denarii, or the pay of 1, 100 legionaries ) and superior rank and privileges to ordinary knights.

Under Psamtik II's reign, a pair of more than 21. 79 metre high obelisks were erected in the temple of Heliopolis ; the first Emperor of Rome, Augustus later had one of the obelisks, which had probably been thrown down by the Persian invaders in 525 BC, brought to Rome in 10 BC.

Under Augustus, the Games ( ludi ) were dedicated to seven other deities, invoked as the Moerae, Iuppiter, Ilithyia, Iuno, Terra Mater, Apollo and Diana.

Under the founder – emperor Augustus ( ruled 30 BCE – 14 CE ), the legions, c. 5, 000-strong all-heavy infantry formations recruited from Roman citizens only, were transformed from a mixed conscript and volunteer corps serving an average of 10 years, to all-volunteer units of long-term professionals serving a standard 25-year term ( conscription was only decreed in emergencies ).

Under Renehan, many of the college's most important buildings were constructed by Augustus Pugin.

Under Olearius ' direction the celebrated globe of Gottorp and armillary sphere were executed between 1654 and 1664 ; the globe was given to Peter the Great of Russia in 1713 by Duke Frederick's grandson, Christian Augustus.

Under Emperor Augustus it became an important stopover on the Roman via Popilia, which connected Calabria to Sicily.

Under Parthian and Sassanian Iranian empires, scholars concentrated on exchanging knowledge and inventions by the countries around them – India, China, and the Roman Empire, when it is thought to be expanded over the other countries.

Under the early Roman empire the place was known as Caesarea, and was the metropolis of Cilicia Secunda.

Under strong pressure from Stilicho, the Roman Senate consented to promise its payment.

Under the Roman alliance, the more oligarchic parts of the Athenian constitution, the Areopagus and election of officials, became relatively more important, and the Assembly and selection by lot less so.

Under the management of Luigi Barbesino, the Roman club came close to their first title in 1935 – 36 ; finishing just one point behind champions Bologna.

Under the Empire, Roman colonies and cities often had officials with powers similar to those of the republican aediles, although their powers widely varied.

Under the Roman Dutch law in force in South Africa affray falls within the definition of vis publica.

Under Pope Benedict XVI's motu proprio Summorum Pontificum, Roman Catholic bishops, priests, and deacons are again permitted to use the 1962 edition of the Roman Breviary, promulgated by Pope John XXIII to satisfy their obligation to recite the Divine Office every day.

Under Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 34 ), troops of the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Charles V sacked Papal Rome in 1527, “ raping, killing, burning, stealing, the like had not been seen since the Vandals ”.

Under Roman law, Roman culture under the Empire came to tolerate concubinage as long as the relationship was durable and exclusive ; for Roman jurists, concubinage was an honorable de facto situation.

Under the status quo, the Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Armenian Apostolic Churches all have rights to the interior of the tomb, and all three communities celebrate the Divine Liturgy or Holy Mass there daily.

Under Roman law, a former gladiator could not " offer such services those of a gladiator after manumission, because they cannot be performed without endangering life.

Under other classical authors this sometimes included regions of Sarmatia as well as an area under Roman control on the west bank of the Rhine.

Under pressure of the Huns, the chieftain Fritigern approached the Eastern Roman Emperor Valens in 376 with a portion of the Thervingi and asked to be allowed to settle with his people on the south bank of the Danube.

Under the Roman Empire, administration of peaceful provinces was ultimately the remit of the Senate, but those, like Britain, that required permanent garrisons were placed under the Emperor's control.

Under the Roman Empire, schools of law were created, and the activity constantly became more academic.

Under the Rashidun, the Arabs conquered the Persian Empire, along with Roman Syria and Roman Egypt during the Byzantine-Arab Wars, all within just seven years from 633 to 640.

Under Pope Clement III and Pope Celestine III he was treasurer of the Roman Church, notably compiling the Liber Censuum, and served as acting Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church from 1194 until 1198.

Under the terms of the treaty with Rome, such disputes were arbitrated by the Roman Senate.

Under Roman influence, instruction in rhetoric developed into a full curriculum including instruction in grammar ( study of the poets ), preliminary exercises ( progymnasmata ), and preparation of public speeches ( declamation ) in both forensic and deliberative genres.