Under Otto von Bismarck, the anti-Catholic Kulturkampf in Prussia led to massive reprisals against the Church.

Under Leo, compromises were informally reached and the anti-Catholic attacks subsided.

Under the anti-Catholic Penal Laws, Roman Catholics, though the overwhelming majority in Ireland, were harshly discriminated against, barred from holding property rights or from voting in parliamentary elections until 1793.

Under pressure from parents, the majority of Brooklyn College girls major in education since that co-ordinates best with marriage plans -- limited graduate study requirement and convenient working hours.

Under the care of his mother, he was given not only that religious and Oriental education which his position as the religious leader of the Ismailis made indispensable, but a sound European training, a boon denied to his father and paternal grandfather.

Under the slogan " Revolution in Liberty ", the Frei administration embarked on far-reaching social and economic programs, particularly in education, housing, and a agrarian reform, including rural unionization of agricultural workers.

Under the Education For All programs driven by UNESCO, most countries have committed to achieving universal enrollment in primary education by 2015, and in many countries, it is compulsory for children to receive primary education.

Under non-voucher education systems, people who currently pay for private schooling are still taxed for public schools ; therefore, they fund both public and private schools simultaneously.

Under the guidance of economist John Kenneth Galbraith, IIT Kanpur was the first institute in India to offer Computer Science education.

Under the program, which covers the years from 2000 to 2015, Nigeria is committed to achieve a wide range of ambitious objectives involving poverty reduction, education, gender equality, health, the environment, and international development cooperation.

Under the OBE model, education agencies may specify any outcome ( skills and knowledge ), but not inputs ( field trips, arrangement of the school day, teaching styles ).

Under the California Master Plan for Higher Education, the University of California is a part of the state's three-tier public higher education system, which also includes the California State University system and the California Community Colleges system.

Under the first Wilson government, for the first time in British history, more money was allocated to education than to defence.

Under the Disability Discrimination Act ( DDA ) ( 1995, extended in 2005 ), it is unlawful for organisations to discriminate ( treat a disabled person less favourably, for reasons related to the person's disability, without justification ) in employment ; access to goods, facilities, services ; managing, buying or renting land or property ; education.

Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, special educational support is limited to children and youth falling into one of a dozen disability categories ( e. g., specific learning disability ) and adds that, to be eligible, students may require both special education ( modified instruction ) and related services ( supports such as speech and language pathology ).

Vocational education and training provided under the Upper Secondary Education Under secretariat includes three main types of programme:

Under this scheme, a school providing free education was established in each hobli ( a locality within the city ).

Under President George W. Bush, the Department primarily focused on elementary and secondary education, expanding its reach through the No Child Left Behind Act.

Under its first director, George Noble Carman, Lewis Institute was the first institution to offer adult education programs, making it the first junior college in the United States.

Under Maclure's direction and using his philosophy of education, New Harmony schools became the first public schools in the United States open to boys and girls.

Under Corzine's plan, the NJ Department of education hopes to close small schools within the next three years.

Under the leadership of Willy Fruggel a Hochschule for teacher education was established in the city in 1933.

Under Dorab ’ s leadership the group quickly diversified, venturing into a vast array of new industries, including steel ( 1907 ), electricity ( 1910 ), education ( 1911 ), consumer goods ( 1917 ), and aviation ( 1932 ).

Under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992, the institution, a pioneer of widening participation and access to higher education, was granted University status and the right to award its own degrees.

Under Jan Terlouw, between 1972 and 1982, D66 began to emphasise new issues like the environment, public education and innovation.

Under Sharswood's leadership, Penn Law created what has become the template for modern legal education: a combination of lectures in law with practical experience for students.

Under the goal of reducing inflation, some countries have been pressured to reduce spending in the health and education sectors.

Under the legislation that created the 26 districts of Northern Ireland, a district council whose area included an existing municipal borough could resolve to adopt the charter of the old municipality and thus continue to enjoy borough status.

Under European Union legislation, a liqueur wine is a fortified wine that contains not less than 17. 5 % abv ( except for certain quality liqueur wines ) and that meets many additional criteria.

Under this legislation, the federal government paid towards around 50 % of the cost of provincial health plans to cover “ a basic range of inpatient services in acute, convalescent, and chronic hospital care .” The condition for those cost-sharing legislation was that all citizens were to be entitled to these benefits, and by March 1963 98. 8 of Canadians were covered by Hospital Insurance.

Under the literal rule, the judge should do what the actual legislation states rather than trying to do what the judge thinks that it means.

Under legislation intended to enhance stability, new governments remain immune from no-confidence votes for the first 18 months of their incumbency.

Under the George W. Bush administration ( 2001 – 2009 ), patent extension legislation that allowed Bayer AG, as well as other drug companies, a six-month patent extension for testing their products for safety in children was signed into law.

Under control of the effectively dictatorial Committee, the Convention quickly enacted more legislation.

Under the provisions of Section 9 of the Statute of Westminster, the British Parliament still had the power to pass legislation concerning the six States of Australia, although " in accordance with the constitutional practice ".

Under perceived pressure from widespread panic felt among Americans from both the September 11 attacks and the 2001 anthrax attacks, Congress rushed to pass legislation to strengthen security controls.

Under this legislation, notice was to be ruled illegal “ where appropriate substitute accommodation not available ; landlords obliged to specify reasons for notice .”

Under the Westminster system, an item of primary legislation is known as an Act of Parliament after enactment.

Twenty-three species of flora listed as rare and threatened ( Under Queensland legislation ) have been found in the park, including the iconic Livistona nitida ( Carnarvon Fan Palm, Carnarvon Gorge section ), Cadellia pentastylis ( Ooline, Moolayember section ), and Stemmacantha australis ( Austral Cornflower, Mount Moffatt section ).

Under legislation enacted by the United States Congress in 1993, patients found importing anti-HIV medication into the country were arrested and placed on flights back to their country of origin.

Under the new structure, established by state legislation, the CRDA assumed the staff, equipment and programs of the SID.

Under proposed legislation, municipalities may lose the ability to use these RCAs to pay other communities to accept their New Jersey COAH fair housing obligations, which would mean that Marlboro is now required to build the balance of housing.

Under the Rusk legislation, the President would be authorized to select the specific termini and routes as well as the contractors who would build the railroads.

Under Rader's lobbying, the California State Legislature passed legislation known as the Petris bill, signed into law by Governor Jerry Brown, which changed the applicable law of California so that the Attorney General had no authority over churches in such circumstances.

Under the legislation tail docking may only be used as a last resort.

Under legislation, the wife of a future British king will legally become queen ( consort ) upon his accession, regardless of the title by which she might actually be known in public, just as the Duchess of Cornwall is currently actually the Princess of Wales, by virtue of being married to the Prince of Wales, although she does not use the title.

Under Alberta's intestacy legislation, the deceased ’ s family may discover that a former or " ex " common-law partner may be given the entire estate ; ahead of the deceased ’ s own legally married spouse, parents, or even children.

Under Rule 203-1-Departures from Established Accounting Principles, the departures are rare, and usually take place when there is new legislation, the evolution of new forms of business transactions, an unusual degree of materiality, or the existence of conflicting industry practices.

Under the guidance of Finance minister and current party leader Benjamin Netanyahu, Likud pushed through legislation reducing value added tax ( VAT ), income and corporate taxes significantly, as well as customs duty.

Under current legislation, all middle schools must be deemed either primary or secondary.

Under the procedure stipulated by the Constitution, the President exercises his right to submit draft legislation, as well as the right to sign federal draft legislation into law or to veto it.