Under Lionel Jospin ( the socialist who was prime minister under president Jacques Chirac from 1997 to 2002 ), the PCF again held ministerial offices from 1997 to 2002 ( Jean-Claude Gayssot as Minister of Transportation, etc .).

Under the slogan " Revolution in Liberty ", the Frei administration embarked on far-reaching social and economic programs, particularly in education, housing, and a agrarian reform, including rural unionization of agricultural workers.

Under the latest economic protocol ( signed 3 January 1997 ), Turkey has undertaken to provide loans totalling $ 250 million for the purpose of implementing projects included in the protocol related to public finance, tourism, banking, and privatization.

Under Jiang and Zhu's ten years of administration, the PRC's economic performance pulled an estimated 150 million peasants out of poverty and sustained an average annual gross domestic product growth rate of 11. 2 %.

Under Chiang Kai-Shek, the government recognized limited civil and economic freedoms, property rights ( personal and intellectual ) and other liberties.

Under Gorbachev, relatively young, reform-oriented technocrats, who had begun their careers in the heyday of " de − Stalinization " under Nikita Khrushchev ( 1958 – 1964 ), rapidly consolidated power within the CPSU, providing new momentum for political and economic liberalization, and the impetus for cultivating warmer relations and trade with the West.

Under central planning neither planners, managers, nor workers had incentives to promote the social economic interest.

Under comprehensive economic reforms initiated in 1991, Egypt has relaxed many price controls, reduced subsidies, reduced inflation, cut taxes, and partially liberalized trade and investment.

* Palliser, D. M. The Age of Elizabeth: England Under the Later Tudors, 1547 – 1603 ( 1983 ) survey of social and economic history

Under a one-year standby agreement with the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) in January 1979, the government promised to undertake economic reforms, including a reduction of the budget deficit, in return for a $ 68 million IMF support program and $ 27 million in IMF Trust Fund loans.

Under the government ’ s post-conflict economic and financial program, implemented with IMF and World Bank input, real GDP recovered in 1999 by almost 8 %.

Under President René Préval ( President from 1996 to 2001 and from 2006 until 14 May 2011 ), the country's economic agenda included trade and tariff liberalization, measures to control government expenditure and increase tax revenues, civil-service downsizing, financial-sector reform, and the modernization of state-owned enterprises through their sale to private investors, the provision of private sector management contracts, or joint public-private investment.

Under the premiership of Mahathir bin Mohamad, Malaysia experienced economic growth from the 1980s, a 1985-86 property market depression, and returned to growth through to the mid-1990s.

Under his New Order ( Indonesia ) | New Order administration, the country enjoyed the sustained economic development from 1970s to 1996.

Under Ravalomanana these investments produced substantial economic growth but the benefits were not evenly spread throughout the population, producing tensions over the increasing cost of living and declining living standards among the poor and some segments of the middle class.

Under the protectorate ( 1912 – 1956 ) the infrastructure was invested in heavily in order to link the cities of the Atlantic coast to the hinterland, thus creating a single economic area for Morocco.

Under Muhammad VI, Morocco has continued down a path toward economic, political, and social reform and modernization.

Under Chandragupta and his successors, internal and external trade, agriculture and economic activities, all thrived and expanded across India thanks to the creation of a single and efficient system of finance, administration, and security.

Under the Japanese government, Palau underwent extreme social, economic, and political changes.

Under his administration, Section 936 of the U. S. Internal Revenue Tax Code () was implemented as an economic incentive.

Under the influence of romantic nationalism, among economic and political forces, both Germany and Italy found political unity, and movements to create nations similarly based upon ethnic groups would flower in the Balkans ( see for example, the Carinthian Plebiscite, 1920 ), along the Baltic Sea, and in the interior of Central Europe, where in the eventual outcome, the Habsburgs succumbed to the surge of Romantic nationalism.

Under the Monnet Plan France attempted to gain economic control of the German industrial areas with large coal and mineral deposits that were not in Soviet hands: the Ruhr area and the Saar area.

* Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment: The senior economic advisor for the Secretary and Deputy Secretary on international economic policy.

Under WMO leadership and within the framework of WMO programs, National Meteorological and Hydrological Services contribute substantially to the protection of life and property against natural disasters, to safeguarding the environment and to enhancing the economic and social well-being of all sectors of society in areas such as food security, water resources and transport.

Under the 4th century version of democracy the roles of general and of key political speaker in the assembly tended to be filled by different persons.

Under most modern constitutional monarchies there is also a prime minister who is the head of government and exercises effective political power.

Under the Millbrook Commonwealth Action Programme, each CHOGM is responsible for renewing the remit of the Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group, whose responsibility it is to uphold the Harare Declaration on the core political principles of the Commonwealth.

Under Lenin the party ruled through the government, for instance, the only political office held by Lenin was Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars, but following Lenin's health the party took control of government activities.

Under the present government, Ethiopians have little political participation.

Following the original roots of modern graffiti as a political force came another game title, Marc Eckō's Getting Up: Contents Under Pressure ( 2006 ), featuring a story line involving fighting against a corrupt city and its oppression of free speech, as in the Jet Set Radio series.

Under a right-wing military dictatorship, Spain saw its political parties banned, except for the official party ( Falange ).

Under Calixte the majority of Garde personnel had adhered to the doctrine of political nonintervention that their Marine Corps trainers had stressed.

Under a theocracy, perceived divine status translated into earthly authority under divine law This can take the form of supreme divine authority above the state's, granting a tool for political influence to a priesthood.

Under Mahathir bin Mohamad ’ s long Prime Ministership ( 1981 – 2003 ), Malaysia ’ s political culture became increasingly centralized and authoritarian, due to Mahathir's belief that the multiethnic Malaysia could only remain stable through controlled democracy.

Under stronger political pressures the French government ultimately evacuated its troops from Suez.

Under various political pressures from both inside and outside Lebanon, de Gaulle decided to recognize the independence of Lebanon.

Among the political figures targeted by the magazine were former Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles and Arthur H. Vandenberg, Jr., who had briefly served as President Eisenhower's Appointments Secretary.

Under this circumstance, the parties agree to temporarily set aside their political differences and unite to face the national crisis.

Under liberal democratic systems, privacy creates a space separate from political life, and allows personal autonomy, while ensuring democratic freedoms of association and expression.

Under the monarchy, the Senate possessed very little power and authority as the king held most of the political power of the state and could exercise those powers without the Senate's consent.

Under totalitarian regimes any criticism of a political system including satire is suppressed.

Under the constitution adopted in 1936 and modified along the way until October 1977, the political foundation of the Soviet Union was formed by the Soviets ( Councils ) of People's Deputies.

Under al-Bashir's leadership, the new military government suspended political parties and introduced an Islamic legal code on the national level.