Under Stalin ( pictured ) the Central Committee lost effective control over policymaking.

Under Khrushchev, an investigation into the matter concluded that the Central Committee had lost its ruling function under Stalin ; from 1929 onwards all decisions in the Central Committee were taken unanimously.

Under Stalin the most powerful position in the party became the General Secretary who was elected by the Politburo.

Under Stalin, the inner-party practice of democratic free debate did not continue after the death of Lenin in 1924.

Under Stalin the most powerful position in the party became the General Secretary who was elected by the Politburo.

Under Stalin this model was reversed, and it was the General Secretary who determined the composition of the Politburo and Central Committee.

Under Stalin, the Soviet Union pursued its own atomic capabilities through a combination of scientific research and espionage directed against the American program.

* Wieck, Michael: A Childhood Under Hitler and Stalin: Memoirs of a " Certified Jew ," University of Wisconsin Press, 2003, ISBN 0-299-18544-3.

Under the authorization of Stalin and Comintern, the delegation of CPC to Comintern led by Wang Ming issued a manifesto urging Chinese to set up a new united front against the Japanese, which was later called the Ba Yi Xuan Yan.

Under Stalin it became a pejorative term for elitist art.

" Under torture, prisoners seized in the Soviet investigation of the alleged Doctors ' Plot were compelled to produce evidence to ' prove ' that the Kremlin doctors, led by Stalin's own physician, had in fact assassinated Choibalsan and the others mentioned by Stalin.

Under Yezhov, the Great Purge reached its height during 1937 – 1938, with 50-75 % of the members of the Supreme Soviet and officers of the Soviet military being stripped of their positions and imprisoned, exiled to the Siberian gulags or executed, along with a greater number of ordinary Soviet citizens, accused ( usually on flimsy or nonexistent evidence ) of disloyalty or " wrecking " by local Chekist troikas in order to satisfy Stalin and Yezhov's arbitrary quotas for arrests and executions.

Under pressure from the opposition, Stalin had to read the testament again at the July 1926 Central Committee meeting.

His other books include St. Petersburg: A Cultural History ( 1995 ), Shostakovich and Stalin: The Extraordinary Relationship Between the Great Composer and the Brutal Dictator ( 2004 ), The Magical Chorus: A History of Russian Culture from Tolstoy to Solzhenitsyn ( 2008 ), and Romanov Riches: Russian Writers and Artists Under the Tsars ( 2011 ).

Under Vladimir Lenin, the Soviet Union legalized all abortions in 1920, but in 1936 by Joseph Stalin this was restricted to medically recommended cases only in order to increase population growth.

* 1991 “ The Inner Circle: An Inside View of Soviet Life Under Stalin ”

Under Joseph Stalin, the Soviet agricultural and heavy manufacturing sectors were largely centralized.

*" Soviet Music and Society Under Lenin and Stalin: The Baton and the Sickle " by Matt O ' Brien in Azerbaijan International, Vol.

* Stalin Prize ( 1946 ) ( for the songs " Under the Balkan Stars ", " In a way, a path far ", " My beloved ", " In the forest, front-line ")

Its overall politics shifted in its second decade: Under Levitas's editorship, during years when the much-higher-circulation Nation and New Republic often ran acrobatic apologies for Stalin, the New Leader became a bi-weekly platform for what was then known as liberal anti-Communism.

Under Joseph Stalin, a forcible collectivization was introduced and the native communist elite purged.

Under Joseph Stalin, the Krymchaks were forbidden to write in Hebrew and were ordered to employ a Cyrillic alphabet to write their own language.

Under Joseph Stalin at least a million persons died, mostly in the Kazakh SSR, during the period of forced collectivization.

Under Stalin, thanks to the influence of Trofim Denisovich Lysenko ( Director of the Soviet Lenin All-Union Institute of Agricultural Sciences ), Mendelian genetics was officially rejected in favour of Lysenkoism, which was derived from the Lamarkian beliefs of horticulturist Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin.

Under Augustus the office lost much of its importance, its judicial functions and the care of the games being transferred to the praetor, while its city responsibilities were limited by the appointment of a praefectus urbi.

Under the command of General Georgi Vazov the Bulgarians, reinforced with two Serb divisions, conquered the " untakable " city.

Under the 1989 agreement between the BPCA and the City of New York, $ 600 million was transferred by the BPCA to the city.

Under British indirect rule, separate European ( e. g. Oyster Bay ) and African ( e. g. Kariakoo and Ilala ) areas developed at a distance from the city centre.

Under his rule ( which was moderate and skillful ), Sforza modernised the city and duchy.

Following the original roots of modern graffiti as a political force came another game title, Marc Eckō's Getting Up: Contents Under Pressure ( 2006 ), featuring a story line involving fighting against a corrupt city and its oppression of free speech, as in the Jet Set Radio series.

Under his command, they besieged Cologne and, after some weeks, the defenders of the city opened the gates and handed Saloninus and Silvanus to Postumus who had them killed.

Under these circumstances, during much of the Siege of Leningrad ( 1941 – 1944 ), Lake Ladoga provided the only access to the besieged city because a section of the eastern shore remained in Soviet hands.

Under Ottoman rule, the city was known as Yeni-şehir i-Fenari, " new citadel ".

Under Saudi rule, much of the historic city has been demolished as a result of construction programs-see below.

Under Farrakhan's leadership, the Nation of Islam established a clinic for AIDS patients in Washington, D. C., and helped to force drug dealers out of public housing projects and private apartment buildings in the city.

Under the pretext of pursuing fugitive Polish revolutionaries, Russian troops entered Balta an Ottoman-controlled city on the border of Bessarabia and massacred its citizens and burned the town to the ground.

Under his guidance, Paris became the first city of teachers the medieval world had known.

Under the rule of this prelate, the townspeople rebelled, headed by the local council, beginning a secular tradition of confrontation of the people of the city — who fought for self-government — with the local bishop, the secular and jurisdictional lord of the city and of its fief, the semi-independent Terra de Santiago (' Land of Saint James ').

Under any circumstance, during the end of the 13th century, Stockholm quickly grew to become not only the largest city in Sweden, but also the de facto Swedish political centre and royal residence.

Under the terms of surrender, the occupants of the city would be forced into slavery, and have their right eyes removed as a sign of this.

Under the Kingdom of Bulgaria ( 1941 – 1944 ), the city was called Skopie ( Скопие ).

Under Mayor Heinrich Stroband ( 1586 – 1609 ), the city became centralized.

Under this plan, a small, elected council makes the city ordinances and sets policy, but hires a paid administrator, also called a city manager, to carry out its decisions.

Under Polish rule, the city saw a period of fast development.

Under President Levin, Yale has financially supported many of New Haven's efforts to reinvigorate the city.

** Under the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801, Washington, D. C., a new planned city and capital of the United States, was placed under the jurisdiction of the U. S. Congress.