* 2005 – Under international pressure, Syria withdraws the last of its 14, 000 troop military garrison in Lebanon, ending its 29-year military domination of that country ( Syrian occupation of Lebanon ).

Under the Ottomans, Bethlehem's inhabitants faced unemployment, compulsory military service, and heavy taxes, resulting in mass emigration, particularly to South America.

Under the administration of Félix Éboué, France's first black colonial governor, a military column, commanded by Colonel Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, and including two battalions of Sara troops, moved north from N ' Djamena ( then Fort Lamy ) to engage Axis forces in Libya, where, in partnership with the British Army's Long Range Desert Group, they captured Kufra.

Under the Geneva Conventions of 1949, it is a war crime to transfer, directly or indirectly, the civilian population of a country power onto land under that country's military occupation.

Under the latest such decree, president Turbay had implemented security policies that, though of some military value against the M-19 in particular, were considered highly questionable both inside and outside Colombian circles due to numerous accusations of military human rights abuses against suspects and captured guerrillas.

Under Laurent Kabila's regime, all executive, legislative, and military powers were first vested in the President, Laurent-Désiré Kabila.

Under Conner's tutelage, he studied military history and theory ( including Carl von Clausewitz's On War ), and later cited Conner's enormous influence on his military thinking, saying in 1962 that " Fox Conner was the ablest man I ever knew.

Under the " independent tribunal " requirement, the Court has ruled that military judges in Turkish state security courts are incompatible with Article 6.

Under Emperor Kammu, Tamuramaro had been appointed as shogun of a military expedition against the Emishi.

Under Louis XIV France achieved military supremacy over its rivals, but escalating conflicts against increasingly powerful enemy coalitions checked French ambitions and left the kingdom bankrupt at the opening of the 18th century.

Under clause 17 Article I Section 8 of the Constitution however, Congress has power to " exercise exclusive Legislation in all cases whatsoever " over the federal district ( Washington, D. C .) and other territory ceded to the federal government by the states, such as for military installations.

Under this pact, Finland was obliged to resist armed attacks by " Germany or its allies " against Finland, or against the Soviet Union through Finland, and, if necessary, ask for Soviet military aid to do so.

Under the plan, all Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip ( and four in the West Bank ) and the joint Israeli-Palestinian Erez Industrial Zone were dismantled with the removal of all 9, 000 Israeli settlers ( most of them in the Gush Katif settlement area in the Strip's southwest ) and military bases.

Under him Albornoz started the military campaign against Visconti and, when all attacks failed, Urban proclaimed a crusade against him.

Under East Timorese law, only the military and police forces may legally possess, carry and use firearms.

Under a right-wing military dictatorship, Spain saw its political parties banned, except for the official party ( Falange ).

Under Himmler's leadership, the SS developed its own military branch, the SS-Verfügungstruppe ( SS-VT ), which later evolved into the Waffen-SS.

Under pressure from Hitler over the worsening military situation, Himmler became anxious and unable to give him coherent reports.

Under Mongol occupation, Russia also developed its postal road network, census, fiscal system, and military organization.

Under the rules of Hammurabi's successors, the Babylonian Empire was weakened by military pressure from the Hittites, who sacked Babylon around 1531 BC ( short ).

Under long-standing bilateral agreements flowing from NATO membership, Italy hosts important U. S. military forces at Vicenza – home of 173d Airborne Brigade – and Livorno ( USA ); Aviano ( USAF ); and Sigonella, Nisida, and Gaeta – home port for the U. S. Navy Sixth Fleet.

Under Dingiswayo the age grades came to be regarded as military drafts, deployed more frequently to maintain the new order.

Under the care of his mother, he was given not only that religious and Oriental education which his position as the religious leader of the Ismailis made indispensable, but a sound European training, a boon denied to his father and paternal grandfather.

Under the erroneous impression that he needed papers from some left-wing organisation to cross the frontier, on John Strachey's recommendation he applied unsuccessfully to Harry Pollitt, leader of the British Communist Party.

Under its founder and spiritual leader, Johann Georg Rapp ( 1757 – 1847 ); Frederick ( Reichert ) Rapp ( 1775 – 1834 ), his adopted son who managed its business affairs ; and their associates, the Society existed for one hundred years ; roughly from 1805 until 1905.

Under the dual leadership system, each local Bureau or office is under the coequal authority of the local leader and the leader of the corresponding office, bureau or ministry at the next higher level.

Under Deng Xiaoping, the leadership of China embarked upon a programme of market-based reform that was more sweeping than had been Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's perestroika program of the late 1980s.

Under him was Babrak Karmal, the leader of the Parcham faction, as Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Council and Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers, Amin as Council of Ministers deputy chairman and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Mohammad Aslam Watanjar as Council of Ministers deputy chairman.

Under Liberal caucus rules of the time, a tied vote meant the motion was automatically defeated, and hence Gorton could have remained as party leader and Prime Minister without further ado.

Under their popular leader, Stabschef Ernst Röhm, the SA grew in importance within the Nazi power structure, initially growing in size to thousands of members.

Under Adubato, the Magic went 21 – 12 to compile a 45 – 37 record, led by Penny Hardaway, Darrell Armstrong, the team's emotional leader, and Rony Seikaly acquired in a trade with Golden State.

Under the administration of Díaz Ordaz's predecessor in 1958, labor leader Demetrio Vallejo attempted to organize independent railroad unions, which the Mexican government quickly ended, arresting Vallejo under a violation of Article 145 of the Penal Code that made “ social dissolution ” a crime.

* Neal Chase, a leader of a small Bahá ' í sect, the Baha ' is Under the Provisions of the Covenant

Under the autocratic leadership style, all decision-making powers are centralized in the leader, as with dictators.

* Sir John Murray KGB ( d. 1914 ) leader of the Challenger Expedition to discover creatures of the deepest abysses of the sea ( the inspiration for Jules Verne's " Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea ").

Under their leader Ardaric, the Gepids united with other Germanic tribes and defeated the Huns at Battle of Nedao in 454.

Under his command, the 2nd Marine Raider battalion were issued with the semiautomatic M1 Garand rifle and were organized in the fireteam ( although it was called firegroup ) concept, 3 firegroups to a squad with a squad leader.

Under a coalition government the position is commonly held by the leader of the second-largest party who in this situation is free to head any department he or she wants.

Under feudalism, by contrast, the local military leader may enjoy great autonomy and a personal army, and still derive legitimacy from formal fealty to a central authority.

Under the guidance of Finance minister and current party leader Benjamin Netanyahu, Likud pushed through legislation reducing value added tax ( VAT ), income and corporate taxes significantly, as well as customs duty.

Under this concept, it has become a world leader in the development of low-noise receivers ; large parabolic-dish antennas ; tracking, telemetry, and command systems ; digital signal processing ; and deep space navigation.

Under Tom Gullick's management, Shipping Industrial Holdings subsidiary Clarksons Holidays became the undisputed cut-price leader in the IT market.

Under the leadership of Michael Harrington, DSOC had become America's largest democratic socialist organization, despite having started, in Harrington's words, as " the remnant of a remnant "— with Harrington having been the leader of a minority caucus of the Socialist Party of America in 1972.

Under Macías, Obiang held various jobs, including governor of Bioko and leader of the National Guard.

Under its first leader, Dr. Trevor Hancock, the party ran 60 candidates in the 1984 Canadian federal election.