Administratively, it is incorporated as Kurgan City Under Oblast Jurisdiction — an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.

Municipally, Kurgan City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Kurgan Urban Okrug.

Under the null hypothesis of no autocorrelation, this statistic is

Under null hypothesis that the sample comes from the hypothesized distribution F ( x ),

Under the assumption of the generalized Riemann hypothesis, it can be shown to take time

Under the Riemann hypothesis, the error term can be reduced:

Under a stronger hypothesis they showed that for infinitely many n at least two of n, n + 2, n + 4, and n + 6 are prime.

Under the contact hypothesis, several models have been developed.

Under this null hypothesis, the data are considered unlikely ( with a fair coin, the probability of this is 3 % and the result would be even more unlikely if the coin were biased in favour of tails ).

Under the null hypothesis that model 2 does not provide a significantly better fit than model 1, F will have an F distribution, with ( p < sub > 2 </ sub > − p < sub > 1 </ sub >, n − p < sub > 2 </ sub >) degrees of freedom.

Under the umbrella of the Plate hypothesis, the following sub-processes, all of which can contribute to permitting surface volcanism, are recognised:

Under this alternative hypothesis the disks and arms are modified version of the original stellar disk of the transformed spiral galaxy, and similarly, small remnants of disks and arms are embedded within " harassed " dEs.

# Under the null hypothesis the distributions of both groups are equal, so that the probability of an observation from one population ( X ) exceeding an observation from the second population ( Y ) equals the probability of an observation from Y exceeding an observation from X, that is, there is a symmetry between populations with respect to probability of random drawing of a larger observation.

# Under the alternative hypothesis the probability of an observation from one population ( X ) exceeding an observation from the second population ( Y ) ( after exclusion of ties ) is not equal to 0. 5.

Under the Riemann hypothesis, the zeros of the eta function would be located symmetrically with respect to the real axis on two parallel lines, and on the perpendicular half line formed by the negative real axis.

Under this hypothesis, separate parts of reality would have wildly different characteristics.

Under the Mandibulata hypothesis, Myriapoda is the sister taxon to Pancrustacea, a group comprising the Crustacea and Hexapoda.

Under the Atelocerata hypothesis, Hexapoda is the closest, whereas under the Paradoxopoda hypothesis, Chelicerata is the closest.

Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally distributed, the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters.

Under the " packed planetary systems " hypothesis, which predicts that planetary systems form in such a way that the system could not support additional planets between the orbits of the existing ones, the gap would be expected to host a planet.

Under this hypothesis, both male and female Neanderthals participated in the single main occupation of hunting big game that flourished in Europe in the ice age like bison, deer, gazelles and wild horses.

Under the null hypothesis the expected distance ( r < sub > e </ sub > ) between the organisms ( measured as the nearest neighbour's distance ) with a known constant density ( ρ ) is

Under the null hypothesis of no difference between population means ( and assuming that standard ANOVA regularity assumptions are satisfied ) the sums of squares have scaled chi-squared distributions, with the corresponding degrees of freedom.

Under such an hypothesis, the aether should have been observed.

Under this interpretation, the physical symbol system hypothesis asserts merely that intelligence can be digitized.

Under the trees, there was a dead redcoat, a young boy with a pasty white skin and a face full of pimples, who had taken a rifle ball directly between the eyes.

Under the circumstances, I had difficulty keeping up with the conversation on the phone, but when I hung up I was reasonably certain that Francesca had wanted to remind me of our town meeting the next evening, and how important it was that Hank and I be there.

Under most modern constitutional monarchies there is also a prime minister who is the head of government and exercises effective political power.

Under the 1587 decree of Pope Sixtus V, which fixed the maximum size of the College of Cardinals, there were 14 cardinal deacons.

Under the status quo, the Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Armenian Apostolic Churches all have rights to the interior of the tomb, and all three communities celebrate the Divine Liturgy or Holy Mass there daily.

Under the Global and All-Inclusive Agreement, signed on 17 December 2002, in Pretoria, there was to be one President and four Vice-Presidents, one from the government, one from the Rally for Congolese Democracy, one from the MLC, and one from civil society.

Under NFL and NCAA rules, once the quarterback moves out of the pocket, and there is no good option for a forward pass, the ball may be legally thrown away to prevent a sack.

Under this system, there is a tension between the relevance of earlier and later authorities in constraining halakhic interpretation and innovation.

Under the Latin Patriarch there were four suffragan archdioceses and numerous dioceses.

Under NFL and NCAA rules, there are actually two lines of scrimmage at the outset of each play: one that restricts the offense and one that restricts the defense.

Under the mainstream radar, there have been acclaimed independent musical films, such as Hedwig and the Angry Inch and Dancer in the Dark ; and foreign musical films, such as 8 Women, The Other Side of the Bed and Yes Nurse!

Under increasing pressure from the KMT Encirclement Campaigns, there was a struggle for power within the Communist leadership.

Under a field electrons are not able to adopt a different wave vector because there are no empty states to move into.

Under most interpretations of sharia, non-Muslims may be allowed into mosques, as long as they do not sleep or eat there.

Under HTML 5 there are now five valid attributes: having been added.

Under this interpretation, there may be cases where the mentally ill know that their conduct is legally prohibited, but it is arguable that their mental condition prevents them making the connection between an act being legally prohibited and the societal requirement to conform their conduct to the requirements of the criminal law.

Under this definition, there would only be two broad classes of organelles ( i. e. those that contain their own DNA, and have originated from endosymbiotic bacteria ):

Under IAU definitions, there are eight planets in the Solar System.

Under the narrow method, when there are apparently two contradictory meanings to a word used in a legislative provision or it is ambiguous, the least absurd is to be used.

Under the broad method, the court may reinterpret the law at will when it is clear that there is only one way to read the statute.

Under certain mathematical premises of the fluid, there can be extracted a mathematical connection between power, radius of the propeller, torque and induced velocity.

Under the British system there is a unity of powers rather than separation.

Under English law, there is an additional peremptory plea, that of special liability to repair a road or bridge.

Under the Covenant of the League of Nations, all League members agreed that where there was a dispute between states which they " recognize to be suitable for submission to arbitration and which cannot be satisfactorily settled by diplomacy ", the matter would be submitted to the Court for arbitration, with suitable disputes being over the interpretation of an international treaty, a question on international law, the validity of facts which, if true, would breach international obligations and the nature of any reparations to be made for breaching international obligations.

Under FISA rules there are 5 boat classes for adaptive rowers ; mixed ( 2 men and 2 women plus cox ) LTA ( Legs, Trunk, Arms ), mixed intellectual disability ( 2 men and 2 women plus cox ) LTA ( Legs, Trunk, Arms ), mixed ( 1 man and 1 woman ) TA ( Trunk and Arms ), and men's and women's AS ( Arms and Shoulders ).