Under Italian law franchise is defined as an arrangement between two financially independent parties where a franchisee is granted, in exchange for a consideration, the right to market goods and services under particular trademarks.

Under the protocol signed on 7 May 1832 between Bavaria and the protecting Powers, and basically dealing with the way in which the Regency was to be managed until Otto reached his majority ( while also concluding the second Greek loan, for a sum of £ 2, 400, 000 sterling ), Greece was defined as an independent kingdom, with the Arta-Volos line as its northern frontier.

Under the London Declaration, India agreed that, when it became a republic in January 1950, it would join the Commonwealth of Nations and accept the British monarch as a " symbol of the free association of its independent member nations and as such the Head of the Commonwealth ".

Under the mainstream radar, there have been acclaimed independent musical films, such as Hedwig and the Angry Inch and Dancer in the Dark ; and foreign musical films, such as 8 Women, The Other Side of the Bed and Yes Nurse!

Under its provisions, the king remained the central figure in the executive branch of the government, but legislative power was vested in a bicameral parliament, and an independent judiciary was guaranteed.

Under Marshall's conception of the judicial process in Marbury, judges themselves have no independent agency and can never take into account the consequences of their actions when deciding cases.

Falk was a close friend of independent film director John Cassavetes and appeared in Cassavetes ' films Husbands, A Woman Under the Influence., and, in a cameo, at the end of Opening Night.

Under the kings, the Senate and Curiate Assembly had very little power and authority ; they were not independent bodies in that they didn't possess the right to meet together and discuss questions of state at their own will.

Even though it was independent from the surface for a very short duration, the Rouquayrol-Denayrouze apparatus reached worldwide celebrity after having been mentioned by Jules Verne in his adventure book Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea ; but Jules Verne wildly exaggerated its dive duration without external air supply.

Under this model, the state is divided into branches, each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility so that no branch has more power than the other branches.

Under the previous system agreed to under Articles of Confederation, the national government was headed by the Confederation Congress, which had a ceremonial presiding officer and several executive departments, but no independent executive branch.

Under Tvrtko, Bosnia grew in both size and power, finally becoming an independent kingdom in 1377.

Under the provisions of OPCAT that entered into force on 22 June 2006 independent international and national bodies regularly visit places where people are deprived of their liberty, to prevent torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.

Under his leadership the Netherlands recovered from the war, began to build its welfare state and Indonesia became independent.

Under King Sobhuza I they established themselves in the heartland of modern Swaziland, conquering and incorporating many long-established independent chiefdoms, whose descendants also make up much of the modern Swazi nation.

The company produces a large proportion of ITV's networked programming ( around 47 %, but previously as high as 66 % according to some reports ), with the rest coming primarily from independent suppliers ( Under the 1990 Broadcasting Act, at least 25 % of ITV's total output must be from independent companies ).

Under Edward the Confessor earldoms like Wessex, Mercia, East Anglia and Northumbria — names that represented earlier independent kingdoms — were much larger than any shire.

The ATLAS language is oriented toward the Unit Under Test and is independent of the test equipment used.

Van Vliet has been the subject of at least two documentaries, the BBC's 1997 The Artist Formerly Known As Captain Beefheart narrated by John Peel, and the 2006 independent production Captain Beefheart: Under Review.

Under Orontids, Armenia at times was an independent kingdom, and at other times a satrapy of the Persian Empire.

Under the administration of Díaz Ordaz's predecessor in 1958, labor leader Demetrio Vallejo attempted to organize independent railroad unions, which the Mexican government quickly ended, arresting Vallejo under a violation of Article 145 of the Penal Code that made “ social dissolution ” a crime.

Under a new Virginia state constitution in 1870, and as further clarified by another one in 1902, Richmond became an independent city.

Under Virginia law in effect since 1871, all municipalities in the state incorporated as cities are legally and politically independent of counties.

Under the CPR, expert witnesses are usually instructed to produce a joint statement detailing points of agreement and disagreement to assist the court or tribunal.

Under Fan Noli, the government set up a special tribunal that passed death sentences, in absentia, on Zogu, Verlaci, and others and confiscated their property.

Under international pressure, President Sirleaf requested in March 2006 that Nigeria extradite Charles Taylor, who was then brought before an international tribunal in Sierra Leone to face charges of crimes against humanity, arising from events during the Sierra Leone civil war ( his trial was later transferred to The Hague for security purposes ).

Under English ecclesiastical law, the Court of Faculties is a tribunal of the Archbishop of Canterbury, and is attached to the office of the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Under the Consulate he was the president of the tribunal of cassation, and collaborated in preparing the final scheme for the civil code.

Under the jurisdiction of military law, summary execution is still illegal in almost all circumstances, as a military tribunal would be the competent judge needed to determine guilt and declare the sentence of death.

Under Emperor Frederick II an aqueduct was built in the town, one of the most important construction of the era in the Abruzzo ; the emperor made it the capital of a large province, as well the seat of a tribunal and of a fair, which it however lost with the arrival of the Angevins.

Under pressure from parents, the majority of Brooklyn College girls major in education since that co-ordinates best with marriage plans -- limited graduate study requirement and convenient working hours.

Under this interpretation, there may be cases where the mentally ill know that their conduct is legally prohibited, but it is arguable that their mental condition prevents them making the connection between an act being legally prohibited and the societal requirement to conform their conduct to the requirements of the criminal law.

Under these circumstances, a case where the affidavit was proved ineffective emerged in 1961 and in spite of — rather than because of — protest prior to 1961, the disclaimer requirement was excised.

Under the Act, it is a legal requirement to be registered with the Osteopathic Council of New Zealand, and to hold an annual practicing certificate issued by them, in order to practice as an osteopath.

Under the local processing requirement, a municipality seeks to force the local processing of raw materials before they are shipped in interstate commerce.

Under Nero, the Jewish exemption from the requirement to participate in public cults was lifted and Rome began to actively persecute monotheists.

Under statute the requirement is employer's " conduct " allowing the employee to " terminate without notice "; as this can only happen with a repudiatory breach it amounts to the same thing.

On March 29, 1975, President Ford signed Proclamation 4360, Terminating Registration Procedures Under Military Selective Service Act, eliminating the registration requirement for all 18 – 25 year old male citizens.

On July 2, 1980, however, President Carter signed Proclamation 4771, Registration Under the Military Selective Service Act, retroactively re-establishing the Selective Service registration requirement for all 18 – 26 year old male citizens born on or after January 1, 1960.

Under the present International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, for names newly published now, after 1999, it is a requirement to " expressly indicate those specimens ... upon which the new taxon s based [...].

Under certain conditions, the Gibbs canonical ensemble maximizes the von Neumann entropy of the state subject to the energy conservation requirement.

Under the terms of the Firearm Owners Protection Act of 1986, however, individuals " not engaged in the business " of dealing firearms, or who only make " occasional " sales within their state of residence, are under no requirement to conduct background checks on purchasers or maintain records of sale ( although even private sellers are forbidden under federal law from selling firearms to persons they have reason to believe are felons or otherwise prohibited from purchasing firearms ).

Under this new requirement the purpose of the program was the development of a range nuclear missile.

Under the 2003 Act, that requirement has been repealed ( though such signs are still often seen ).

Under the proposal, students would be able to substitute a second Regents Exam in math or science or a vocational exam for this requirement.

Under HFI, the Forest Service had promulgated a " categorical exclusion " that eliminated the EIS requirement for timber sales up to and prescribed burns up to.

Under the EAW Framework Decision, the requirement for double criminality is removed for a wide range of categories of crimes, and made a discretionary rather than a compulsory ground for a refusal to extradite for offences not falling within those categories.

Under the treaty, Florence was to pay the Pope 200, 000 florins ( as opposed to Pope Gregory XI's original indemnity requirement of 1, 000, 000 florins ), repeal all laws placed against the Church by the secular government, and restore all property confiscated or looted from the clergy.