After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, at which time Belarus gained its independence, Belarus became a member of the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe ( OSCE ), NATO's Partnership for Peace, the North Atlantic Cooperation Council, the International Monetary Fund, and the World Bank.

Burundi is a member of various international and regional organizations, including the United Nations, the African Union, the African Development Bank and the Francophonie.

The Central African Republic is an active member in several Central African organizations, including the Economic and Monetary Union ( CEMAC ), the Economic Community of Central African States ( CEEAC ), the Central African Peace and Security Council ( COPAX-still under formation ), and the Central Bank of Central African States ( BEAC ).

Other multilateral organizations — including the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, United Nations agencies, European Union, and the African Development Bank -- and bilateral donors — including Germany, Japan, the European Union, and the United States — are significant development partners for the C. A. R.

The European Central Bank remits its interest income to the central banks of the member countries of the European Union.

Membership in International Organizations: The major organizations in which Colombia is a member include: the Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean, Andean Pact, Caribbean Development Bank, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Group of 3, Group of 11, Group of 24, Group of 77, Inter-American Development Bank, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, International Chamber of Commerce, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Criminal Police Organization, International Development Association, International Finance Corporation, International Fund for Agricultural Development, International Labour Organization, International Maritime Organization, International Maritime Satellite Organization, International Monetary Fund ( IMF ), International Olympic Committee, International Organization for Migration, International Organization for Standardization, International Telecommunication Union, International Telecommunications Satellite Organization, International Trade Union Confederation, Latin American Economic System, Latin American Integration Association, Latin Union, Non-Aligned Movement, Organization of American States ( OAS ), Permanent Court of Arbitration, Rio Group, United Nations ( UN ), UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UN Industrial Development Organization, UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees, Universal Postal Union, World Confederation of Labour, World Federation of Trade Unions, World Health Organization, World Intellectual Property Organization, World Meteorological Organization, World Tourism Organization, and World Trade Organization.

Comoros also is a member of the African Union, the Arab League, the European Development Fund, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Indian Ocean Commission, and the African Development Bank.

The Irwin Union Bank building was built in 1954.

The building was designed to distance the Irwin Union Bank from traditional banking architecture, which mostly echoed imposing, neoclassical style buildings of brick or stone.

* Irwin Union Bank was designed by Eero Saarinen and includes an addition by Kevin Roche.

* 1988 – In a United Nations ceremony in Geneva, Switzerland, the Soviet Union signs an agreement pledging to withdraw its troops from Afghanistan.

As a sport, cycling is governed internationally by the Union Cycliste Internationale in Switzerland, USA Cycling ( merged with the United States Cycling Federation in 1995 ) in the United States, ( for upright bicycles ) and by the International Human Powered Vehicle Association ( for other HPVs, or human-powered vehicles ).

193-Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Burma, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, People's Republic of China, Colombia, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Côte d ' Ivoire, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, European Union, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, The Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, North Korea, South Korea, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Republic of Macedonia, Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Marshall Islands, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mexico, Federated States of Micronesia, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nauru, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Niue, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Palau, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Samoa, San Marino, São Tomé and Príncipe, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Serbia, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, Somalia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tuvalu, Uganda, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, Uruguay, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe

As Switzerland considered closer relations with the European Union in the 1990s, the SVP adopted a more militant protectionist and isolationist stance.

In Europe, Uni Global Union of Switzerland is involved in assisting unionisation in this realm.

Three of the EFTA countries are part of the European Union Internal Market through the Agreement on a European Economic Area ( EEA ), which took effect in 1994 ; the fourth, Switzerland, opted to conclude bilateral agreements with the EU.

In 1999, Switzerland concluded a set of bilateral agreements with the European Union covering a wide range of areas, including movement of persons, transport, and technical barriers to trade.

Swiss Democrats, Ticino League, Swiss People's Party are against accession of Switzerland to the European Union.

At present, the Hong Kong Economic and Trade Offices under the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in countries that are the major trading partners of Hong Kong, including Japan, Canada, Australia, Singapore, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, the United States and the European Union.

Italian is also one of the national languages of Switzerland, which is not a part of the European Union.

Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Cameroon, Canada, People's Republic of China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d ' Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, European Union, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom, United States, Venezuela

Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, People's Republic of China, Colombia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d ' Ivoire, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, European Union, Fiji, Finland, France, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guyana, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Liberia, Luxembourg, Malaysia, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Portugal, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, United Kingdom, United States, Uruguay, Vanuatu, Venezuela

Switzerland also joined the United Nations much later than most other countries, and is not a member of the European Union.

* 1954 – UEFA ( Union of European Football Associations ) is formed in Basel, Switzerland.

In particular, apart from Switzerland and some microstates, it is the only enclave within the European Union.

* Partners: member states of the European Union, Switzerland, Germany and the US.

* 1946 – Diplomatic relations between Switzerland and the Soviet Union are established.

Switzerland, although not a member of the European Union, adheres to the same principle, stating that " neither a political unit needs to be recognized to become a state, nor does a state have the obligation to recognize another one.

Parties: ( 28 ) Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States

The churches of Germany, Austria, Bohemia, and Switzerland created the Union of Utrecht after Vatican I ( 1871 ) over the Dogma of Papal Infallibility.

Switzerland has fully participated within many of the UN's specialised institutions, including the Economic Commission for Europe, United Nations Environment Programme, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, UN Conference on Trade and Development, UN Industrial Development Organization, and the Universal Postal Union.

Although it is surrounded by member nations, Switzerland is not a member nation of the European Union.

Since the out break of the Syrian civil war, the Syrian economy has been hit by massive economic sanctions restricting trade with the Arab League, Australia, Canada, the European Union, ( as well as the European countries of Albania, Croatia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Norway, Serbia, and Switzerland ) Georgia, Japan, Turkey, and the United States.

* Switzerland – European Union

parties-( 23 ) Austria, Belgium, Canada, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom

As the battle progressed, Zollicoffer was killed, Crittenden was unable to lead the Confederate force since he was probably intoxicated and the Confederates were turned back and routed by a Union bayonet charge, suffering 533 casualties from their force of 4, 000.

Hence, as retroactive minimisation of the Holocaust, Holocaust deniers have attached themselves to the Heimatvertriebenen ( ethnic Germans expelled mainly from the eastern quarter of Germany annexed by Poland and the Soviet Union after the war ), and have, per their opponents, attempted to use sympathy for said Germans, and blame the Jews for the suffering of the Heimatvertriebenen.

Friesennot depicted the suffering of a village of Volga Germans in the Soviet Union ; it also depicted the murder of a young woman for an affair with a Russian -- in accordance with Nazi principle of rassenschande -- as an ancient German custom.

However, Union County would provide 3200 men for that war, suffering the casualties of 1, 035 wounded, killed, or missing, while producing notable leaders such as Norton P. Chipman.

Legislation in the European Union aims to reduce animal suffering during slaughter.

In his successful Tullahoma Campaign in the summer of 1863, Rosecrans moved southeast from Murfreesboro, Tennessee, outmaneuvering Bragg and forcing him to abandon Middle Tennessee and withdraw to the city of Chattanooga, suffering only 569 Union casualties along the way.

Union troops were suffering from lack of supplies and some soldiers reportedly lost confidence in their officers.

Helena itself was overcrowded with Union troops and was suffering from housing shortages and poor health and sanitation facilities.

In the 1980s, the United States increased diplomatic, military, and economic pressures on the Soviet Union, at a time when the communist nation was already suffering from economic stagnation.

After the fall of communism in the Soviet Union and eastern Europe, these missions expanded their focus to include those suffering religious persecution in Islamic, Hindu, and Buddhist societies.

Smith's militia fought off the Union attacks, and Hatch withdrew after suffering about 650 casualties, versus Smith's 50.

Geary wrote in his response, " is doubtless some suffering ... consequent upon the past disturbances and the present extremely cold weather ; but probably no more than exists in other territories or in either of the states of the Union.

He argues that the Soviet Union was still suffering from the Great Purge, and was completely unprepared for the Nazi German invasion.

One of Memorial's main projects at the moment is the creation of the Virtual Gulag Museum, which will bring together research and archives from all over the ex-Soviet Union to commemorate and record the existence of the Gulag and the suffering of its victims.

He died on 17 September 1982 in a hospital in Moscow, Soviet Union after suffering several strokes.

After suffering a 3 – 2 loss versus Czechoslovakia in the opening game of the medal round, Canada opted to start Essensa versus the Soviet Union.

During his tenure, the Pressmen's Union acquired and operated the former Hale Springs Resort, a mineral water resort in East Tennessee not far from Berry's boyhood home, as a sanatorium for its members suffering from " consumption " ( tuberculosis ), a common ailment of its members in that era, a residential trade school for its members to learn more advanced trades and increase their income, and as its international headquarters.

Though the battle was small, of no strategic importance and resulted in only light casualties, it marked the first time in the east that a Union force had bested their Confederate enemy, inflicting 230 casualties while suffering only 71, and were able to drive them from the field.

That night the Union wounded remained in the field, and Couch wrote after the war what he saw: " It was a night of dreadful suffering.

They inflicted 850 casualties on the attacking 13, 000 Union troops while suffering only 50 casualties.

At Antietam, he commanded one of two brigades that held out so long against the Union assault on the sunken road, or " Bloody Lane ", at the center of the Confederate line, suffering heavy casualties.

An on-ground spare satellite to Westar 6, Westar 6S, was in development by Western Union and Hughes when Western Union decided to divest themselves of their telecommunications-based assets starting in the early 1980s after suffering heavy financial losses.

Company B, 23rd Illinois, Company B, 13th Missouri, and volunteers from the 1st Illinois Cavalry charged from the Union lines and recaptured the house, suffering heavy casualties in the process.