Unlike the current modern state of Switzerland, which operates under a federal government, the thirteen states were nearly independent, conducting their own domestic and foreign affairs.

Unlike Yosemite, there was no state government that could assume stewardship of the land, so the federal government took on direct responsibility for the park, the official first national park of the United States.

Unlike the federal subjects, the federal districts are not a subnational level of government, but are a level of administration of the federal government.

Unlike Senators and Representatives who are constitutionally prohibited from holding any other " office of trust or profit " of the United States or of any state while holding their congressional seats, the Chief Justice and the other members of the federal judiciary are not barred from serving in other positions.

Unlike the federal government, which only has those powers granted to it in the Constitution, a state government has inherent powers allowing it to act unless limited by a provision of the state or national constitution.

Unlike national parks and other federal lands managed by the National Park Service, commercial use of national forests is permitted, and in many cases encouraged.

Unlike banking, investment in the capital markets is not guaranteed by the federal government.

Unlike the NLRA, which gives the NLRB nearly exclusive power to enforce the Act, the RLA allows employees to sue in federal court to challenge an employer's violation of the Act.

Unlike state courts, federal courts are courts of " limited jurisdiction ", that can only hear the types of cases specified in the Constitution and federal statutes ( primarily federal crimes, cases arising under federal law, cases with a United States government party, and cases involving a diversity of citizenship between the parties ).

Unlike the Weimar Constitution, the Basic Law only names referendums, concerning the federal level of legislation, on a single issue: a new delimitation of the federal territory.

Unlike some state courts, the power of federal courts to hear cases and controversies is strictly limited.

Unlike the systems of most other countries, education in the United States is highly decentralized, and the federal government and Department of Education are not heavily involved in determining curricula or educational standards ( with the recent exception of the No Child Left Behind Act ).

Unlike some of his fellow Union officers who came from abolitionist families, he was opposed to federal interference with slavery.

Unlike the provincial superior courts, which exercise inherent or general jurisdiction, the federal courts ' jurisdiction is limited by statute.

Unlike the Charter, it was an ordinary Act of Parliament, which could be amended by a simple majority of Parliament, and it was applicable only to the federal government.

Unlike Japan and the United Kingdom ( where regulatory authority over the banking, securities and insurance industries is combined into one single financial-service agency ), the U. S. maintains separate securities, commodities, and insurance regulatory agencies — separate from the bank regulatory agencies — at the federal and state level.

Unlike other parties in Canada, where provincial and federal politics are strictly separated and members of one are not necessarily members of the other, NDP members are members of both the federal party and the provincial party.

Unlike most Common-law jurisdictions, the majority of civil law jurisdictions have specialized courts or sections to deal with administrative cases which, as a rule, will apply procedural rules specifically designed for such cases and different from that applied in private-law proceedings, such as contract or tort claims.

Unlike France or Germany, there are no special administrative courts of first instance in the Netherlands, but regular courts have an administrative " chamber " which specializes in administrative appeals.

Unlike auto camps, tourist courts typically provided bed and breakfast or hotel-style service, usually with stand-alone cabins.

Unlike most civil law systems, common law systems follow the doctrine of stare decisis, by which most courts are bound by their own previous decisions in similar cases, and all lower courts should make decisions consistent with previous decisions of higher courts.

Unlike many civil law countries which have some courts on which panels of judges with nearly equal status composed of both legally trained professional judges and lay judges who lack legal training and are not career judges, the United States legal system ( like most Anglo-American legal systems ) makes a clear distinction between professional judges and laymen involved in deciding case who are jurors who are part of a jury.

Unlike in other European countries of the time, the nobility in Bohemia was not a part of the literary audience and thus this split of literary effort led to a certain lack of development and stagnation of Czech baroque literature in comparison to other European countries of the time, especially in genres that were written for noble courts.

Unlike most European court system ( in both common law and civil law countries ), it is unusual in American state courts to reserve very serious crimes for a court different than the one that handles all other felony cases in a given county.

Unlike non-criminal cases, criminal proceedings in state courts are primarily conducted orally, in person, in open court.

Unlike the mandatory sentences of the courts, acts of Parliament provided considerable latitude in suiting the punishment to the particular conditions of the offender's family.

Unlike courts of common law tradition, ecclesiastical tribunals do not follow the adversarial system.

Unlike the UK, most continental European member states have written constitutions and some have constitutional courts with the exclusive power to interpret the national constitution.

Unlike the American realists, positivists believe that in many instances the law provides reasonably determinate guidance to its subjects and to judges, at least in trial courts.

Unlike some other final appellate courts internationally, there is no automatic right of appeal to the Supreme Court of New Zealand.

Unlike criminal cases in the lower courts, the Supreme Court does not deal with the issue of guilt.

Unlike other Christian groups, the Catholic Church teaches that those who die in a state of grace, but still carry venial sin go to a place called Purgatory where they undergo purification to enter Heaven.

Unlike with geographical maps, where many famous projections are known ( such as the Mercator projection ), the calendar projection is a matter of such triviality that no names for these exist in common circulation.

Unlike previous wars, which were often fought mainly from fixed lines and trenches, World War II was a highly mobile war, often fought in cities, forests, or other areas where mobility and visibility were restricted.

Unlike six-wicket croquet, where each time a ball is roqueted a croquet shot must be taken, players have four options after roqueting another ball.

Unlike other anime and manga, where jokes and references are often exclusory or require knowledge of Japanese culture and / or the workings and conventions of anime, Cowboy Bebop is accessible – western audiences can connect with the characters readily and more fully understand their motivations and struggles.

Unlike many other succulents, the stem is the only part of most cacti where this vital process takes place.

Unlike the TEM, where electrons of the high voltage beam carry the image of the specimen, the electron beam of the scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) does not at any time carry a complete image of the specimen.

Unlike DLP systems ( where it is possible to use the same procedure for squaring and multiplication ) the EC addition is significantly different for doubling () and general addition () depending on the coordinate system used.

Unlike diamond, where the loupe standard, i. e. 10X magnification, is used to grade clarity, emerald is graded by eye.

Unlike retrograde amnesia ( which is popularly referred to simply as " amnesia ", the state where someone forgets events before brain damage ), dissociative amnesia is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance ( e. g., a drug of abuse, a medication, DSM-IV Codes 291. 1 & 292. 83 ) or a neurological or other general medical condition ( e. g., Amnestic Disorder due to a head trauma, DSM-IV Codes 294. 0 ).

Unlike conventional microscopes, where the spatial resolution is limited by the wavelength of the particles which are used for imaging, the FIM is a projection type microscope with atomic resolution and an approximate magnification of a few million times.

Unlike Napster, where the entire network relied on the central server, gnutella cannot be shut down by shutting down any one node and it is impossible for any company to control the contents of the network, which is also due to the many free and open source gnutella clients which share the network.

Unlike their father, Hesiod was averse to sea travel but he once crossed the narrow strait between the Greek mainland and Euboea to participate in funeral celebrations for one Athamas of Chalcis, where he won a tripod in a singing competition.

Unlike in basketball, where players are allowed to commit only 5 fouls in a game ( 6 in the NBA ), handball players are allowed an unlimited number of faults, which are considered good defense and disruptive to the attacking team's rhythm.

Unlike return, suspend writes down where it is in the internal generators as well, allowing it to pick up where it left off on the next iteration.

Unlike most college-bound Virginians of his day, Madison did not choose the College of William and Mary, because the lowland climate of Williamsburg, where mosquitoes transmitted fevers and other infectious diseases during the summer, might have strained his delicate health.

Unlike woven fabrics, where strands usually run straight horizontally and vertically, yarn that has been knitted follows a loopy path along its row, as with the red strand in the diagram at left, in which the loops of one row have all been pulled through the loops of the row below it.

Unlike Switzerland however ( where citizens rejected membership in a referendum ), Liechtenstein is part of the European Economic Area.

Unlike the physics of rigid bodies where the equations of motion describe the physical location of the rigid body, fluid dynamics describes the flow as a velocity field, i. e. a solution associates each point in space with a vector that represents the speed and direction of the flow at that point.

Unlike spirit duplicators ( where the only ink available is depleted from the master image ), mimeograph technology works by forcing a replenishable supply of ink through the stencil master.

Unlike in a conventional resistive electric circuit, where currents are best thought of as arising as a response to an applied voltage, currents in the magnetosphere are better seen as caused by the structure and motion of the plasma in its associated magnetic field.

Unlike any other Mario Kart game before or since, it features two riders in each kart, allowing for a new form of cooperative multilayer where one player controls the kart's movement and the other fires weapons.

Unlike some other manufacturers, the company where SECAM was invented, Technicolor ( known as Thomson until 2010 ), still sells TV sets worldwide under different brands ; this may be due in part to the legacy of SECAM.

Unlike Link, Zelda, and most other recurring characters, he is actually the same person in every game, with the exception of Four Swords Adventures, where he is a reincarnation of the original.