Until the end of the 18th century, the town consisted chiefly of a string of houses, shops and warehouses stretching along the coastal dunes either side of the Church of St. Helier and the adjacent marketplace ( since 1751, Royal Square ).

Until the 1970s the Memoirs were generally assumed to be authentic-there were editions in 1720-22, 1751, and 1771, with a scholarly edition by C. H.

Until 1751 it was known by the names of its various colonels, when it became the 19th Regiment of Foot.

Until 1751, like most other regiments, it was known successively by the names of the colonels who commanded them at the time.

Until 1887, the sport was played in England under the rules that prevailed in British India.

Until about 1750, in large part due to malnutrition, life expectancy in France was about 35 years, and only slightly higher in England.

Until the 1960s mild was the most popular beer style in England.

Until 2005, the Lord Chancellor fused the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary, as he was the ex officio Speaker of the House of Lords, a Government Minister who sat in Cabinet and was head of the Lord Chancellor's Department which administered the courts, the justice system and appointed judges, and was the head of the Judiciary in England and Wales and sat as a judge on the Judicial Committee of the House of Lords, the highest domestic court in the entire United Kingdom, and the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, the senior tribunal court for parts of the Commonwealth.

Until the Inclosure Acts, which came into force in England in the 18th century, there had been little need for horses to jump fences routinely, but with this act of Parliament came new challenges for those who followed fox hounds.

** Until about 100 years ago, thousands of women and children in England were employed in plaiting straw for making hats.

Until the mid-1800s rods were generally made in England.

Until the establishment of the British Museum in 1753 the Bodleian was effectively the national library of England.

Until the early 20th century, Piquet was perhaps the most popular card game in France, occupying a similar position to Cribbage in England.

Until 1694, England had an elaborate system of licensing.

Until the late 1960s, Tamaqua was a hub of railroad activity, namely the Reading Company ( RDG ) and Lehigh & New England ( LNE ).

Until 1066, England was ruled by monarchs that were elected by the witan, ( which means wise ).

Until the 1967 Sexual Offences Act, which implemented the recommendations of the Wolfenden report, homosexual acts between consenting male adults were illegal in England and Wales.

Until January, 1940, six groups bore the expense of the network operation in varying degree: stations WGN and WOR owned all the stock of the corporation and guaranteed to make up any deficit ; the Colonial Network in New England, the Don Lee System on the Pacific Coast, and the group of stations owned by the Cleveland Plain Dealer, participated in responsibility for running expenses.

Until the reign of King Henry III of England ( 1216 – 1272 ), any need in England for coins worth more than one penny ( which, at that time, was a silver coin ) was met, at least partially, by the use of Byzantine or Arabic gold and silver coins which circulated among merchants and traders.

Until the Union, the cruciform shields on the reverse showed the arms of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland in order, separated by sceptres and with a central rose, and the legend (" Of Great Britain, France, and Ireland Queen ").

Until the Union, the cruciform shields on the reverse showed the arms of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland in order, separated by sceptres and with a central rose, and the legend.

Until March 2012 the scientific data placed into the archive and distributed to observers were processed by the XMM-Newton Survey Science Centre led by the University of Leicester, England.

Until 1823, bishops of the Church of England and Church of Ireland wore ceremonial wigs.

Until the Normans invaded England, the manors surrounding Altrincham were owned by the Saxon thegn Alweard ; after the invasion they became the property of Hamon de Massey, though Altrincham is not mentioned in the Domesday Book.

Until 1920 the Welsh church was part of the Church of England, and under the jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Until 1617 such drugs and medicines as were in common use were sold in England by the apothecaries and grocers.

Until 1995, some clubs playing in England close to the Welsh border were also invited to play in the Welsh Cup, but could not progress to the European Cup Winners ' Cup by winning the Welsh cup.

Until Victoria obtained responsible government in 1855, the Governor-General of New South Wales appointed Lieutenant-Governors to Victoria.

Until 1987 New South Wales had twenty peremptory challenges for each side where the offence was murder, and eight for all other cases.

Until recently, the prehistory of Wales was portrayed as a series of successive migrations.

Until 1230 Llywelyn had used the title princeps Norwalliæ ' Prince of North Wales ', but from that year he changed his title to ' Prince of North Wales and Lord of Snowdonia ', possibly to underline his supremacy over the other Welsh princes.

Until 1996 two-tier systems existed in Scotland and Wales, but these have now been replaced by systems based on a single-tier of local government with some functions shared between groups of adjacent authorities.

Until 1968, much of the inland southeastern corner of New South Wales was rugged forest terrain known as the Wallagaraugh Wilderness, and was vacant crown land.

Until European colonisation, the numbat was found across most of the area from the New South Wales and Victorian borders west to the Indian Ocean, and as far north as the southwest corner of the Northern Territory.

Until the Acts of Union, Radnor was outside the Principality of Wales.

Until the middle of the 19th century, hundreds had performed important administrative functions since the 11th century in England, and to a lesser extent from the 16th century in Wales.

Until the mid-19th century Ilfracombe's economy was based around maritime activities: importing lime and coal from Wales ; fishing for herring ; and international trade, including to West Africa and the West Indies.

Until the Government of Wales Act 2006, these were delegated powers of the UK government.

Until 1977, the Mount Lindesay Highway as a named road extended beyond the Queensland-New South Wales border to Tenterfield but the New South Wales section of the road, which still includes some unpaved portions, was decommissioned as a highway by the New South Wales Government due to very low traffic volumes.

* Until recently the Rugby League teams of Mundubbera and Gayndah would play off in the State of Oranges, a pun on the State of Origin matches between New South Wales and Queensland that recognised the strong but friendly rivalry between the two towns.

Until the mid-nineteenth century, the term " Crown colony " was primarily used to refer to those colonies which had been acquired through wars, such as Trinidad and Tobago and British Guiana, but after that time it was more broadly applied to any colony other than the Presidencies and provinces of British India and the colonies of settlement, such as The Canadas, Newfoundland, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, and New Zealand, later to become the Dominions.

Until the mid-nineteenth century the role of accountants in England and Wales was restricted to that of bookkeepers in that accountants merely maintained records of what other business people had purchased and sold.

Until 1974, Wales was divided into civil parishes.

Until 4 September 2005, when it was closed for safety reasons, it served the town of Belford in New South Wales, Australia.

Until 1974 Wales was divided into civil parishes.

Until permanent arrangements could be put in place, the New South Wales Legislative Council enacted all applicable New Zealand law, and the New South Wales Land Regulations were also extended to New Zealand.