Until about 1861, Napoleon's regime exhibited decidedly authoritarian characteristics, using press censorship to prevent the spread of opposition, manipulating elections, and depriving the Parliament of the right to free debate or any real power.

Until Hall's voyage in 1861, the Bay was thought by Europeans to be a strait separating Baffin Island from another island.

Until 1861 Hubbard remained a country-crossroads with relatively few houses or inhabitants ; however, when the coal fields began to develop, the corners rapidly became a village.

Until 1861, Brady Township also included what is now Gregg Township, Union County.

Until 1861 most of these troops were units of the 8th Infantry.

Until on 9 September 1922, when Greece lost Smyrna to Turkey, it had a Greek High Commissioner ( 21 May 1919 – 8 September 1922 ): Aristeidis Stergiadis ( b. 1861 – d. 1950 )

Until about 1861, Napoléon's regime exhibited authoritarian characteristics, using press censorship to prevent the spread of opposition, manipulating elections, and depriving the Parliament of the right to free debate or any real power.

Until 1861 relics of Saint Lucy were venerated in a church dedicated to her in Venice ; after its demolition, they were transferred to the church of San Geremia.

Until 1861, municipal elections were held in March.

On December 22, 1860, with secession still in its early stages, Milne ’ s orders were to avoid “ any measure or demonstration likely to give umbrage to any party in the United States, or to bear the appearance of partizanship on either side ; if the internal dissensions in those States should be carried to the extent of separation .” Until May 1861, in compliance with these instructions and as part of a long-standing policy of the Royal Navy to avoid ports where desertion was likely, Milne avoided the American coast.

Until the formation of the Central Provinces in 1861, Nagpur Province, which consisted of the Nagpur Division, Chhindwara and Chhattisgarh, was administered by a commissioner under the central government.

Until 1861 this section of the line was isolated

Until the coming of the Ingleton Branch Line in 1861, these remote places were reachable only by walking over some fairly steep hills.

Until 1861 it was called San Filippo d ' Argiriò, in honour of its saint, Filippo il Siriaco, or Philip of Agira.

Until the arrival of the Carignan-Salières regiment in 1665, militia corps were the only defence of New France.

Until the establishment of Halifax ( 1749 ), the militia units in Nova Scotia and Acadia were Mi ' kmaq, Maliseet and Acadian.

Until then, Franklin did not have the benefit of either the national army or the North Carolina militia.

Until August, Grey held various commands in the militia.

Until the advent of rational empiricism the controlling habits of the western mind were symbolic and allegoric.

Until the Charter of Liberties was issued in the fall of 1958, there were no guarantees of the right to assemble or to organize for political purposes.

Until that first dedication service, he and Lois felt their children were too young to take part in any religious life at home.

Until then, foreign-language films were honored with the Special Achievement Award.

Until May 2009, the only successful published attacks against the full AES were side-channel attacks on some specific implementations.

Until the mid-20th century, anchors for smaller vessels were either scaled-down versions of admiralty anchors, or simple grapnels.

Until the advent of the NICAM and MTS systems, television sound transmissions were invariably monophonic.

Until the end of the 18th Century, bridges were made out of timber, stone and masonry.

Until the mid 19th century most boats were of all natural materials ; primarily wood although reed, bark and animal skins were also used.

Until the 19th century the majority of battles were of short duration, many lasting a part of a day.

Until the advent of artillery and aircraft, battles were fought with the two sides within sight, if not reach, of each other.

Until 1928 all notes were " White Notes ", printed in black and with a blank reverse.

Until the mid-nineteenth century, commercial banks in Britain were able to issue their own banknotes, and notes issued by provincial banking companies were commonly in circulation.

Until May 2009, the morning business updates on BBC Breakfast and on the BBC News Channel were broadcast from one of the London Stock Exchange's studios in central London.

Until that time, neutron stars, like black holes, were regarded as just theoretical curiosities ; but the discovery of pulsars showed their physical relevance and spurred a further interest in all types of compact objects that might be formed by gravitational collapse.

Until the mid-19th century, the Museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of Augustus Wollaston Franks to curate the collections, the Museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, prehistory, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of ethnography.

Until June 2007, plague was one of the three epidemic diseases specifically reportable to the World Health Organization ( the two other ones were cholera and yellow fever ).

Until 2003 the Lower Houses were restricted to upper year students but with the double cohort of graduates from Ontario schools many of the rooms were transformed into doubles and now hold first years.

Until the 1911 reform, the psalms were arranged according to a disposition dating from the 8th century, as follows: Psalms i .– cviii., with some omissions, were recited at Matins, twelve each day from Monday to Saturday, and eighteen on Sunday.

Until the mid-19th century the Banda Islands were the world's only source of the spices nutmeg and mace, produced from the nutmeg tree.

Until the early seventeenth century the Bandas were ruled by a group of leading citizens, the orang kaya ( literally ' rich men '), each of these was a head of district.

Until the establishment of the prison, the area was entirely dependent on agriculture, and, after the close of the prison, the town continued economically dependent on agriculture.

Until his return from Mexico in 1930 Whorf had been entirely an autodidact in linguistic theory and field methodology, yet he had already made a name for himself in Middle American linguistics.

Until about 1800, it was almost entirely a written language, but now it is so widely spoken that most of the former German dialects are nearly extinct.

Until the 20th century the relationship between the Prime Minister vis-a-vis the Sovereign, Parliament and Cabinet was defined entirely by these unwritten conventions of the constitution.

Until then the existence of such microscopic organisms was entirely unknown.

Until the latter half of the Japanese colonial era the Mountain tribes were not entirely governed by any non-tribal polity.

Until 2010 the borough was split between the parliamentary constituencies of Hornchurch, Romford and Upminster with the three constituencies entirely within the borough.

Not only that, he consecrated his successor Mar Thoma VI without any assistance from foreign bishops, thus severing all allegiance to foreign bishops. Until Mar Thoma V, Malankara Church followed almost entirely East Syriac language, liturgy and practices.

Until the end of Gaelic Ireland they continued to fluctuate, expand and contract in size, as well as dissolving entirely or being amalgamated into new entities.

Until about 1800, Standard German was almost entirely a written language.

Until the late 19th century, Tulare Lake was the largest freshwater lake west of the Mississippi River and the second largest freshwater lake entirely in the United States, based upon surface area.

Until 1993, both MYR and Myrtle Beach AFB jointly used the main runway ; this limited civil operations to 30 landings per day and led to a local business movement to build an entirely new airport.

Until the beginning of the 19th century shipping was handled entirely within the Pool of London on the stretch of the River Thames along Billingsgate on the south side of the City of London.

Until the end, he maintained " I think my trial was entirely unfair and the proceeding unfair, and the sentence too harsh, but I obey with pleasure.

Until the end of the 11th century, Dutch literature-like literature elsewhere in Europe-was almost entirely oral and in the form of poetry, as this helped troubadours remembering and reciting their texts.

Until its closure on 20 April 2008, Metrocentre featured an entirely enclosed theme park called Metroland.

Until 2005, the company was entirely privately held by the Quinn family.

Until the 13th century, art in Italy was almost entirely regional, affected by external European and Eastern currents.

Until the mid-18th century the local industry was almost entirely based on small scale home based initiatives such as linen weaving.

Until World War II, the IIAF's aircraft inventory consisted entirely of European ( mainly British and German ) aircraft.

Until shortly after 1950, they left the land almost entirely undeveloped, allowing it to be used as a Boy Scout camp.

Until the middle of the 5th century the last Roman troops had left the area and the city was entirely overtaken by the Alemanni.

Until the early 19th century, Kent Island was used almost entirely for farming of tobacco and corn, however that ended due to the depletion of nutrient rich soil as a result of the lack of crop rotation and poor farming practices.

Until the late 1970s, Ridgewood and neighboring Glendale ( Queens ) were entirely served by the Brooklyn post office in Bushwick.