Until the early 17th century large outline images of the giants Gog and Magog ( or Goemagot and Corineus ) had for a long time been cut into the turf of the Hoe exposing the white limestone beneath.

Until 1060 the kings of Uppsala ruled most of modern Sweden except the southern and western coastal regions, which remained under Danish rule until the 17th century.

Until the middle of the 17th century and the arrival of the Portuguese, the Thomas Christians were all one in faith and rite.

Until the 17th century, the Ruthenian language, the predecessor of modern Belarusian, was used in Grand Duchy as a chancery language, that is the language used for official documents.

Until the early 17th century, the French used the name Rivière du Canada to designate the Saint Lawrence upstream to Montreal and the Ottawa River after Montreal.

Until the 17th century, two separate systems were thought to be involved in blood circulation: the natural system, containing venous blood which had its origin in the liver, and the vital system, containing arterial blood and the ' spirits ' which flowed from the heart, distributing heat and life to all parts.

Until the 17th Century the Pequots, along with the Niantics and Narragansetts, were the human residents in this area of southeastern Connecticut and adjacent parts of Rhode Island.

Until the 17th century there was a lake, called the Zoetermeer.

Until the 17th century, there is evidence of scholars ( including Thomas Ken ) matriculating at Hart Hall while waiting for a vacancy at New College.

Until the 17th century, the primary means of conveying goods and people from these eyries was by means of baskets and ropes.

Until about the 17th century, another name for the species was ouzel, ousel or wosel ( from Old English osle ).

* Until the 17th century it was also a title of priests ( the related word monsignor, from French monseigneur, is still used for Catholic prelates ).

Until the 17th century the street was known as Portugal Street.

Until the 17th century it included a cavalry sabre, lance, long wooden shield and, optionally, light metal armour or simple leather vest.

Until the 17th century it was common for merchant ships to be pressed into naval service and not unusual for more than half a fleet to be composed of merchant ships.

Until the 17th century the name Sheaf was written as Scheth or Sheath.

Until the 17th century, the official language of the liturgy was Old Church Slavonic.

Until the 17th century, members of the House of Commons often continued to view their Speaker ( correctly ) as an agent of the Crown.

Until the late 17th century, tax collectors were called receveurs royaux.

Until the 17th century, it was also in use in the Bishopric of Regensburg ( Ratisbon ).

Until the 17th century, concussion was usually described by its clinical features, but after the invention of the microscope, more physicians began exploring underlying physical and structural mechanisms.

Until the end of the 17th century most of the available information on the mountain came from folklore.

Until the invention of the pendulum and the development of reliable clocks during the 17th century, the equation of time as defined by Ptolemy remained a curiosity, of importance only to astronomers.

Until the 17th century, Folkunge was used only with the second meaning.

Until the 20th century, the term asphaltum was also used.

Until the late 19th century, the axiom of choice was often used implicitly, although it had not yet been formally stated.

Until this point Austria and Switzerland had been the traditional and more popular destinations for winter sports, but by the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, France, Italy and the Tyrol began so see increases in winter visitors.

Until the mid-20th century, anchors for smaller vessels were either scaled-down versions of admiralty anchors, or simple grapnels.

Until the late 19th century the only available propellant was black powder.

Until the mid 19th century most boats were of all natural materials ; primarily wood although reed, bark and animal skins were also used.

Until the early 20th century, unsure of the site of Palaepharsalos, scholars followed Arrian ( 2. 75 ) and located the battle south of the Enipeus or close to Pharsalos ( today's Pharsala ).

Until the 19th century the majority of battles were of short duration, many lasting a part of a day.

Until the mid-nineteenth century, commercial banks in Britain were able to issue their own banknotes, and notes issued by provincial banking companies were commonly in circulation.

Until the mid-19th century, the Museum's collections were relatively circumscribed but, in 1851, with the appointment to the staff of Augustus Wollaston Franks to curate the collections, the Museum began for the first time to collect British and European medieval antiquities, prehistory, branching out into Asia and diversifying its holdings of ethnography.

Until the end of the 19th century, it seems to have been generally assumed that the general meeting ( of all shareholders ) was the supreme organ of the company, and the board of directors was merely an agent of the company subject to the control of the shareholders in general meeting.

Until the 1911 reform, the psalms were arranged according to a disposition dating from the 8th century, as follows: Psalms i .– cviii., with some omissions, were recited at Matins, twelve each day from Monday to Saturday, and eighteen on Sunday.

Until the mid-19th century the Banda Islands were the world's only source of the spices nutmeg and mace, produced from the nutmeg tree.

Until the early seventeenth century the Bandas were ruled by a group of leading citizens, the orang kaya ( literally ' rich men '), each of these was a head of district.

Until the mid-19th century, when the river was tamed by dams, levees, and other controls, the Nile in the vicinity of Cairo was highly susceptible to changes in course and surface level.

Until the 16th century, no European had ever heard of the popular drink from the Central and South American peoples.

Until the 21st century most used cathode ray tubes but they have largely been superseded by LCD monitors.

Until the 20th century, there was no technology capable of detecting the deviations from Euclidean geometry, but Einstein predicted that such deviations would exist.

Until the 19th century, the most common theory among scientists was still the concept of scala naturae, proposed by Aristotle.

Until 2009, when the new constitution came into force and created the Legislative Assembly, the legislature of the islands was the Legislative Council, which had existed since the 19th century.

Until the 6th century AD, the region of today's Franconia was probably dominated by Alamanni and Thuringians.

Until the mid-19th century, projectiles and propellant ( black powder ) were generally separate components used in a muzzle-loading firearm such as a rifle, pistol, or cannon.

Until the end of the 19th century, rubber was the main export.