Until the formation of a national council in 1961, supporters and local groups had no formal voice in the national organisation, which until then had been led by the self-appointed executive committee.

Until the early 20th century, formal writing and even much poetry and fiction was done in Literary Chinese, which was modelled on the classics of the Warring States period and Han Dynasty.

Until recently, there was no formal protection for those who spoke up from a position of knowledge inside government, with even senior civil servants ( Shiv Chopra being one notable case ) fired or constructively dismissed for speaking up about internal abuses.

Until the early 18th century, virtually all European small craft and many larger vessels were built without formal plans being drawn.

Until this time, and even after the Franco-Prussian War, military science continued to be divided between the formal thinking of officers brought up in the " shadow " of Napoleonic Wars

Until the arrival of formal docks, shipping was required to land goods in the Pool of London, but industries related to construction, repair, and victualling of ships flourished in the area from Tudor times.

Until 1995 the mayor was an honorary post with only formal duties, while the actual head of administration was the Stadtdirektor.

Until former-emperor Go-Komatsu died in 1433, Go-Hanazono held the title of formal head of the Daïri, the real power in the court was wielded by his uncle, who continued a practice known as cloistered rule.

Until 1911, the changpao was required clothing for Chinese men of a certain class, but Han Chinese women continued to wear loose jacket and trousers, with an overskirt for formal occasions.

Until 1703 the Grand Alliance had never established any formal war aims.

Until 1975 the Swedish monarch was the formal head of the army.

Until 1887, Caroline Astor had been formally known as " Mrs. William Astor ", but with her sister-in-law's death that year, she shortened her formal title to " Mrs. Astor ", as she was then the senior Mrs. Astor, the only remaining one in her generation.

Until 1986, the formal name for the Parliament of New Zealand was the General Assembly of New Zealand.

Until the establishment of these formal trade routes, many shorter routes had existed, connecting towns over various distances.

Until he came of age, five regents were to rule in his place ; but Shogun Ietsuna nevertheless assumed a role as formal head of the bakufu bureaucracy.

Until the latter part of the 1800s, it served as a child's first formal education at home.

Until the rise of the Australian Labor Party in the 1890s, the Australian colonies did not have formal party systems, although many colonial politicians called themselves Liberals or Conservatives.

Until 1998, the company was known as ( although even at that time the company ’ s formal English name was “ Toei Animation Co. Ltd .”), with “ dōga ” being the native Japanese word for “ animation ” which was widely used until the 1970s.

Until now, neither the French-speaking authorities nor the German-speaking authorities have taken any formal step to restrict language facilities in a similar way for the Dutch / French / German-speakers living in Walloon municipalities with language facilities.

Until 2002, important projects in the painting of Solomoukha, like “ Boxers ”, “ Mechanical Toys ”, “ the Myths and the Limits ” and “ Jazz ” were characterized by the formal search for ways of expression through the opposition of different structures of thought and by his obsession for paradox.

* Until the end of the 2012 season, drivers under 21 were not permitted to participate in formal activities relating to the race, such as the draw for position and other activities such as conferences related to the race because of the alcohol sponsorship.

Until 1952, the Phi Sigma Kappa national organization did not have a formal policy regarding membership of ethnic or religious minorities in its written charter or regulations.

Until the establishment of Excellent the Royal Navy did not have any formal system of teaching gunners on its ships the science of gunnery and much was left to individual captains to train their own gun crews.

Until the 3rd century AD, dux was not a formal expression of rank within the Roman military or administrative hierarchy.

Until the opening of the Suez Canal, the islands used to be an important refuelling and provisioning station for ships from Europe to the Indian Ocean.

Until further information is derived from the bidding, assume that a typical opening hand by partner contains 7 losers, e. g., has 7 losers ( 1 + 2 + 2 + 2

Until the opening of the bridge, built to the east of the two tunnels, the crossing was known as the Dartford Tunnel.

Until 1974 the crown jewels were also displayed at the opening of the Riksdag ( Parliament ).

Until the opening of the Thames Barrier in 1984, a portable building near the north of the tunnel was used as a flood control headquarters for the Greater London Council.

Until the 1980s there was a branch of Lloyds Bank, with limited opening hours towards the end.

Until the opening of Terminal 5 at Heathrow on 27 March 2008, Heathrow Express also served Terminal 4, but this has now been discontinued and Terminal 4 is now the terminus for the Heathrow Express Terminal 4 ' shuttle ' ( Mondays to Saturdays ) and the Heathrow Connect instead.

Until the opening of the Port of Fremantle in 1900,

Until the opening of the Cross Harbour Tunnel in 1972, the Star Ferry remained the main means of public transportation between Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon side.

Until the opening of the Middlesbrough Transporter Bridge in 1911, this was the lowest bridging point on the Tees.

Until the end of the 1990s, the company operated only in Slovenia, but then it started to spread on other markets by opening new hypermarkets in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia.

Until the opening of the Forth Replacement Crossing in 2016, the M90's most substantial engineering feature shall remain the Friarton Bridge in Perth, a tall concrete pillared structure which traverses the River Tay.

Until the opening of the CBC Regional Broadcast Centre in the 1970s, the offices and broadcast studios of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's Vancouver bureau were on the mezzanine floor of the hotel, overlooking the corner of Hornby and Georgia.

Until the opening of the National School in Hawridge in 1874 education was provided in the village by a straw plaiting school also mentioned in a Select Committee report of 1819.

Until around the time of the arrival of the Cheshire Lines Committee railway and the opening of Irlam railway station, in 1873, Irlam remained a largely undeveloped village, on the southern edge of the peat bog known as Chat Moss.

Until the opening of the colliery in 1952, the greatest social change in Calverton ’ s history had been arguably the parliamentary enclosure of 1778-80.

Until March 13, 2004, it covered 393 km between its two termini ; however, with the opening of the Kyushu Shinkansen on March 13, the section between Yatsushiro and Sendai was transferred to the third-sector Hisatsu Orange Railway Company.

Until the opening of the new motorway in June 2010, Kells stood as a busy junction town on the old N3 road with over 18, 000 vehicles passing through the town each day.

Until the opening of the Canberra Theatre Centre in 1965, the Albert Hall was home to a large number of prominent organisations, including the Canberra Orchestral Society ( later the Canberra Symphony Orchestra ) founded in 1950, a new Canberra Philharmonic Society ( for musical theatre, 1951 ) and the Canberra Choral Society ( 1952 ).

Until the opening of the airport in Yangyang County, Sokcho had its own airport, linking the city to Seoul.

Until the freeway is complete, US 31 follows a stretch of Napier Avenue, which was upgraded in conjunction with the St. Joseph Valley Parkway opening to that point, westward to I-94.

Until 1968, the price was fixed only once a day, when a second fixing was introduced at 3 p. m. to coincide with the opening of the US markets, as the price of gold was no longer under control of the Bank of England, a result of the collapse of the London Gold Pool.

Until the opening of the Helsinki-Vantaa Airport in 1952 it was the main airport of Helsinki and all Finland.

Until the 1970s it was one of the theaters where major Broadway producers would premiere their shows before opening in New York.