After a first reconciliation, with the death of Louis ( 20 September 1384 ), Charles found himself freer to resist Urban's feudal pretensions, and relations took a turn for the worse.

A bull of Urban's dated 22 July 1096 names Raymond comes Nimirum Tholosanorum ac Ruthenensium et marchio Provintie Raimundus.

At the Battle of Salamanca on 22 July 1812, d ' Urban's troopers performed well while assisting the 3rd Division's attack on the French left flank.

An able writer and skilful diplomat, Bentivoglio was marked out as Urban's successor, but he died suddenly after the opening of the 1644 conclave.

He participated in the Papal conclave of 1644 which elected Urban's successor, Pope Innocent X.

Much of Urban's life is shrouded in mystery, leading to many myths and misconceptions.

It is believed that Urban's pontificate was during a peaceful time for Christians in the Empire as Severus did not promote the persecution of Christianity.

It is believed that the schismatic Hippolytus was still leading a rival Christian Congregation in Rome, and that he published the Philosophumena, an attack on Pope Urban's predecessor Callixtus.

Nevertheless, the versions of the speech have had a great influence on popular conceptions and misconceptions about the Crusades, so it is worth comparing the five composed speeches to Urban's actual words.

It is noteworthy that during the reconstruction of Saint Peter's Basilica, Urban's remains were almost dumped out to be destroyed so his sarcophagus could be used to water horses.

* In " Urban's Crusade -- Success or Failure "( Key, 1948 ) it is argued, indeed to the contrary, that the emperor was disturbed by Hugh's report and the disquieting rumors emitting from Antioch ( on Bohemond's intent and conduct ) and promptly set out to prepare another expedition: "... Alexius immediately began preparations for another expedition, and he furthermore sent envoys to the crusaders to announce its coming.

St Columba's United Reformed church is a modern building, as is the Roman Catholic parish church of St Urban's, to the east of the area.

Commissioned by his patron, Pope Urban VIII, the fountain is located in the Piazza Barberini, near the entrance to the Palazzo Barberini ( which now houses the Galleria Nazionale d ' Arte Antica ) that Bernini helped to design and construct for the Barberini, Urban's family.

Sir Benjamin d ' Urban's remains now rest at the Last Post Fund National Field of Honour, a military cemetery owned by the Last Post Fund in Pointe-Claire where there is an obelisk to his memory.

It is perhaps no coincidence that the Song of Roland was first written down at a date very close to that of Pope Urban's call ( 1095 ) for the First Crusade ; its plot may be seen as a glorification of the crusader ethos.

The five versions of Urban's speech reflect much more clearly what later authors thought Urban II should have said to launch the First Crusade than what Urban II himself actually did say.

As no contemporary accounts of Urban's pontificate exist there have been many legends and acts attributed to him which are fictitious or difficult to ascertain the factual nature of.

Urban's own letter, addressed to the faithful " waiting in Flanders ," does lament the fact that Turks, in addition to ravaging the " churches of God in the eastern regions ," have seized " the Holy City of Christ, embellished by his passion and resurrection — and blasphemy to say it — have sold her and her churches into abominable slavery.

The French cardinals left Rome that summer and declared Urban's election invalid because of mob intimidation ( a reason that had not been cited at the time of the election ) and elected Cardinal Robert of Geneva as Pope Clement VII that September.

They do not all specifically mention Jerusalem as the ultimate goal ; however, it has been argued that Urban's subsequent preaching reveals that he expected the expedition to reach Jerusalem all along.

Urban's speech had been well-planned ; he had discussed the crusade with Adhemar of Le Puy and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse, and instantly the expedition had the support of two of southern France's most important leaders.

It has been suggested that Pope Urban and forces loyal to the Barberini spent some 6 million thalers during the 4 years of the conflict that fell within Pope Urban's reign.

The 10-metre cross formerly in Urban's hands had been brought by pilgrims from the Holy Land and was carried on men's backs to its final position.

Danny Rader ( guitar, ganjo, mandolin, bazouki, piano, organ ) has recently been added to Urban's touring band.

As a better means of evaluating Urban's true motivations in calling for a crusade to the Holy Lands, there are four extant letters written by Pope Urban II himself: one to the Flemish ( dated December 1095 ); one to the Bolognese ( dated September 1096 ); one to Vallombrosa ( dated October 1096 ); and one to the counts of Catalonia ( dated either 1089 or 1096 – 1099 ).

Urban's longstanding status as a beatus ( Blessed ) was confirmed by Pope Pius IX in 1870.

Urban's papacy covered twenty-one years of the Thirty Years ' War and was an eventful one even by the standards of the day.

He expended vast funds to bring polymaths like Athanasius Kircher to Rome and on a variety of works by the sculptor Bernini who was particularly favored during Urban's reign.

The large French faction led by Pope Urban's nephews objected to the Spanish candidate, as an enemy of Cardinal Mazarin, who guided French policy.

Peter was the most successful of the preachers of Urban's message, and developed an almost hysterical enthusiasm among his followers, although he was probably not an " official " preacher sanctioned by Urban at Clermont.

A century later he was already a legendary figure ; William of Tyre believed that it was Peter who had planted the idea for the crusade in Urban's mind ( which was taken as fact by historians until the 19th century ).

In Gesta Dei per Francos by Robert the Monk, writing about twenty years after the council, an extended version of the speech presents the call to the " race of the Franks " as a peroration climaxing Urban's call for orthodoxy, reform and submission to the Church.

The Duke arrived in Rome to great fanfare-he was given gifts and escorted around the city by Pope Urban's Cardinal-nephews, Antonio Barberini and Francesco Barberini.

It was launched by Charles Urban's Urban Trading Co. of London in 1908.

The ecclesiastical, diplomatic and cultural accomplishments of Urban's reign are overshadowed by the nepotism the pope practised.

He was rewarded toward the end of Urban's pontificate by being raised to the purple as Cardinal-Priest of San Crisogono on 31 August 1643.

D ' Urban's grave, at the National Field of Honour. In 1842 d ' Urban declined a high military appointment in British Raj India offered him by Sir Robert Peel.

In spite of these successes, after his release from prison Pallavicini was persecuted by the papal nuncio and Francesco Barberini, Pope Urban's nephew.

Urban's military involvement was aimed less at the restoration of Catholicism in Europe than at adjusting the balance of power to favour his own independence in Italy.

On 26 September 2011, Crowe appeared on-stage at Rogers Arena in Vancouver in the middle of Keith Urban's concert.

* September 20 – Unhappy with Pope Urban's critical attitude towards them, the majority of the cardinals meet at Fondi and elect Clement VII as antipope and establish a rival papal court at Avignon.

In fact, many argue it describes the demise of Urban's relationship with his wife at the time.

During the Siege of Burgos campaign, d ' Urban's horsemen were routed in an action at Majadahonda ( Las Rozas ) on 11 August, losing 108 men.

During Urban's pontificate the poet lived at Rome in considerable reputation, though at the same time he was censored for his sordid avarice.