The Latin Empire of Constantinople came to an end with the capture of the city by the Greeks ( led by their Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos ) a fortnight before Urban IV's election.

Italy commanded Urban IV's near full attention: the long confrontation with the late Hohenstaufen Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II had not been pressed during the mild pontificate of Alexander IV, during which it devolved into inter-urban struggles between nominally pro-Imperial Ghibellines and even more nominally pro-papal Guelf factions.

Still, the years which followed brought to Urban ever-increasing prestige, while Henry IV's power and influence were more and more on the wane.

Under him Albornoz started the military campaign against Visconti and, when all attacks failed, Urban proclaimed a crusade against him.

Edward Cave, who edited The Gentleman's Magazine under the pen name " Sylvanus Urban ," was the first to use the term " magazine ," on the analogy of a military storehouse of varied materiel, ultimately derived from the Arabic makhazin (" storehouses ") by way of the French language.

In 1095, the Byzantine emperor Alexius I asked for military aid from Pope Urban II against the Muslim invasionns.

Urban II's own letter to the Flemish confirms that he granted " remission of all their sins " to those undertaking a " military enterprise " to " liberate the eastern churches.

LCPL Chad Codwell of Charlie Company 1st Battalion 5th Marines carries a skateboard during military exercise Urban Warrior ' 99.

The United States Marine Corps tested the usefulness of commercial off-the-shelf skateboards during urban combat military exercises in the late 1990s in a program called Urban Warrior ' 99.

Other areas of specialization include such roles as tactical paramedics working in police units, marine paramedics, hazardous materials ( Hazmat ) teams, Heavy Urban Search and Rescue, and paramedics on offshore oil platforms, oil and mineral exploration teams, and in the military.

Urban legends soon circulated about Lord Haw-Haw, alleging that the broadcaster was well-informed about political and military events, to the point of near-omniscience.

Preoccupied by the coronation of Louis at the hands of Pope Urban VI, and by Louis ' military power, Charles had Joanna killed on 27 July 1382 at the age of 56 ; she was smothered with pillows, in revenge for the method of assassination inflicted upon Duke Andrew.

However, archaeological excavation undertaken since the 1970s by the Department of Urban Archaeology of the Museum of London, now called MOLAS, has failed to unearth any convincing traces of military occupation on the site, so many archeologists now believe that Londinium was the product of private enterprise.

Urban military operations in World War II often relied on large quantities of artillery fire and air support varying from ground attack fighters to heavy bombers.

He built a navy to cut the city off from outside help by sea ; he purchased an arsenal of large cannons from the Hungarian gunsmith Urban ; he sealed the Bosphorus north of the city by erecting a powerful fortress on its European shore to prevent succor arriving from the Black Sea ; and he meticulously concentrated in Thrace every available military unit in his lands.

Also limited numbers have been getting military speedboat licenses, VIP protection training by MP's and other training from Navy MP's and Navel Home Guard personal due to special relations formed when a number of experienced scout platoon operators and other material experts were recruited for training Navel Home Guard in land / Urban warfare.

Spada successfully negotiated a truce but when the pope's military leaders became aware that the dukes were massing troops to counter their own ( in case discussions with Spada came to naught ), Urban VIII declared the articles of peace null and void and claimed Spada had negotiated them without his consent.

In a despatch dated 1 May 1837, Glenelg dismissed D ' Urban, who remained governor until the arrival of his successor in January 1838 and continued in his military capacity in South Africa until 1846.

D ' Urban's grave, at the National Field of Honour. In 1842 d ' Urban declined a high military appointment in British Raj India offered him by Sir Robert Peel.

In 1261 he was created Cardinal Deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin by Pope Urban IV, who also appointed him papal prefect in Tuscany and captain of the papal army.

Urban Dance Squad was a Dutch rap rock band formed after what was originally intended as a one-time jam-session at a festival in Utrecht on December 20, 1986.

It os well known fact that Rage Against the Machine was inspired by the Urban Dance Squad.

The Pian Breviary was again altered by Sixtus V in 1588, who introduced the revised Vulgate, in 1602 by Clement VIII ( through Baronius and Bellarmine ), especially as concerns the rubrics ; and by Urban VIII ( 1623 – 1644 ), a purist who altered the text of certain hymns.

In 1264 the new institution was approved by Urban IV.

Following Gregory's death and during the Western Schism of 1378 she was an adherent of Pope Urban VI, who summoned her to Rome, and stayed at Pope Urban VI's court and tried to convince nobles and cardinals of his legitimacy.

In 2011 he was awarded the lifetime achievement award by the Urban Design Group.

Many historians maintain that the main concern of Pope Urban II, when calling for the First Crusade, was the threat to Constantinople from the Turkish invasion of Asia Minor in response to the appeal of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos.

Emblematic of country music's rise to mainstream popularity was the commercially successful 1980 movie Urban Cowboy.

Moreover, a three-year Diploma program in Urban and Rural Planning was introduced.

The most important of these finds was Asta Nielsen in Afgrunden ( The Abyss ), directed by Urban Gad for Kosmorama, This combined the circus, sex, jealousy and murder, all put over with great conviction, and pushed the other Danish film-makers further in this direction.

It was only when Paul Davidson, the owner of a chain of cinemas, brought Asta Nielsen and Urban Gad to Germany from Denmark in 1911, and set up a production company, Projektions-AG " Union " ( PAGU ), for them, that a change-over to renting prints began.

The year 2005 saw the emergence of The British Urban Film Festival, a timely addition to the film festival calendar which recognised the influence of Kidulthood on UK audiences and which consequently began to showcase a growing profile of films in a genre which previously was not otherwise regularly seen in the capital ’ s cinemas.

For effectively crushing the tyranny of the infidels, we grant to those who go to Jerusalem and also to those who give aid toward the defense of the Christians, the remission of their sins and we take under the protection of St. Peter and the Roman Church their homes, their families, and all their belongings, as was already ordained by Pope Urban II.

The United States Census Bureau estimates that in 2005 the population of the City of Fort Collins was 128, 026, the population of the Fort Collins-Loveland Metropolitan Statistical Area was 271, 927 ( 163rd most populous MSA ), and the population of the Front Range Urban Corridor was 4, 013, 055.

In the meantime, Innocent died: the Spanish cardinal refused the tiara, and Urban V was elected.

The relentless work of Albornoz ushered in a decade of warfare and atrocity culminating in the massacre of Cesena, a town faithful to the Papal cause who's entire population was executed by the Papal forces while paving the way of Urban V to Rome ( 1367 ).

The album was not a success in the Pop, Dance or Urban markets.

Despite the arguably greater architectural inventiveness of Borromini and Cortona, Bernini's artistic pre-eminence, particularly during the reigns of popes Urban VIII ( 1623 – 1644 ) and Alexander VII ( 1655 – 1665 ), meant he was able to secure the most important commission in the Rome of his day, St. Peter's Basilica.

He returned to work for the Florentine government in 1365, undertaking a mission to Pope Urban V. When the papacy returned to Rome from Avignon in 1367, Boccaccio was again sent to Urban, offering congratulations.

* Hee Haw Honky Tonk: When the Urban Cowboy craze was in full swing, Hee Haw had its honky tonk, where all the cast would throw out their one liners.

* 1521 – Pope Urban VII ( d. 1590 )

* April – Pope Urban VIII ( d. 1644 )

* August 4 – Pope Urban VII ( d. 1590 )

* May 25 – Benjamin d ' Urban, British general and colonial administrator ( b. 1777 )

* Benjamin d ' Urban, British general and colonial administrator ( d. 1849 )

** Pope Urban V ( d. 1370 )

** Pope Urban VI ( d. 1389 )

* Pope Urban II ( d. 1099 )

* Urban Route A – Serves State Line, Post Falls and Coeur d ' Alene.

* Urban Route B – Serves Post Falls, Hayden and West Coeur d ' Alene.

* Urban Route C – Serves Downtown Coeur d ' Alene, Fernan and Hayden.

There were few available soldiers in the colony, but the governor, Sir Benjamin d ' Urban acted quickly and all available forces were mustered under Colonel Sir Harry Smith, who reached Graham ’ s Town on 6 January 1835, six days after news of the uprising had reached Cape Town.

The British government did not approve of the actions of Sir Benjamin d ' Urban, and the British Secretary for the Colonies, Lord Glenelg, declared in a letter to the King that " the great evil of the Cape Colony consists in its magnitude " and demanded that the boundary be moved back to the Fish River.

He also eventually had d ' Urban dismissed from office in 1837.

Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont, given a Gothic architecture | late Gothic setting in this illumination from the Livre des Passages d ' Outre-mer, of c 1490 ( Bibliothèque National )

The most important of these are: the Capuchins, founded in 1525 by Matteo Bassi and established in 1619 by Paul V as a separate order ; the Discalced Franciscans, founded as a specially strict Observantist congregation at Belalcázar in Spain by Juan de Puebla toward the end of the 15th century, compelled by Leo X to unite with the regular Observantists, but soon afterward reestablished as an independent branch by Juan de Guadelupe ( d. 1580 ), and subsequently obtaining some importance in Spain and Portugal ; the Alcantarines, a very strict congregation founded in 1540 by Peter of Alcántara, and distinguished by remarkable achievements in the mission field ; the Italian Riformati, founded about 1525 near Rieti by two Spanish Observantists, and becoming comparatively widespread from the beginning of the 17th century through the favour of Pope Clement VIII and Pope Urban VIII ; the French Recollects, originating in Cluys in 1570 and, more successfully at Rabastens in 1583, formed into a distinct congregation by Clement VIII in 1602, and important in later missionary history, especially in Canada ; the German-Belgian Recollects, formed in the 17th century, as the Observant provinces in Germany and Belgium accepted stricter statutes and took the name Recollects during and after the Thirty Years ' War.

* O ' Neil, Kit, University Community Urban Center, ( n. d. per http :// home. earthlink. net /~ ravennacreek / chronology. htm ).

Center for Urban Horticulture, ( n. d .).

Center for Urban Horticulture, Departments, University of Washington ( n. d., 1999 per " Montlake Landfill Information Summary, January 1999 " on page ), retrieved 21 April 2006.

His differences with Sir Benjamin d ' Urban, Governor of Cape Colony, were serious ; but more so were those with King William IV and others over the administration of Canada.

Commissioned by his patron, Pope Urban VIII, the fountain is located in the Piazza Barberini, near the entrance to the Palazzo Barberini ( which now houses the Galleria Nazionale d ' Arte Antica ) that Bernini helped to design and construct for the Barberini, Urban's family.

# Urban community of Nice Côte d ' Azur – 512, 160

Pope Urban II at the Council of Clermont, given a Gothic architecture | late Gothic setting in this illumination from the Livre des Passages d ' Outre-mer, of c 1490 ( Bibliothèque National )