Utilitarian research often pursues incremental improvements rather than dramatic advancements in knowledge, or break-through solutions, which are more commercially viable.

A further criticism of the Utilitarian formula ‘ Maximize pleasure ’ is that it assumes a continuous pleasure-pain scale which allows us to treat degrees of pain as negative degrees of pleasure.

In the United States of America, the year 1864 saw the publication of two books which laid the foundation for Romantic and Utilitarian conservation traditions in America.

Utilitarian philosophers such as John Stuart Mill believed that moral actions are those actions that maximize happiness for the most number of people, suggesting an empirical science of happiness should be used to determine which actions are moral ( a science of morality ).

Meanwhile, Utilitarian philosophers have supported lies which achieve good outcomes — white lies.

Though not a member of John Stuart Mill's Utilitarian Society ( 1822 – 1823 ), he took a great interest in a society for reading and discussion, which met from 1823 onwards in a room at the bank before business hours, twice a week.

* Utilitarian ethics: utilitarianism posits that those actions are right which best maximize happiness and reduce suffering (" maximize the good ").

Utilitarian reasoning generally supports acts of rescue which contribute to overall happiness and reduced suffering.

Utilitarian theories, on the other hand, must answer the charge that ends do not justify the means.

This can diverge from the Utilitarian goal of maximising utility because it does not consider the distribution of goods between people.

Utilitarian versions are used for measuring.

::“ Utilitarian ethics makes all of us members of the same moral community.

The former view is the one adopted by Bentham and Mill, and ( I believe ) by the Utilitarian school generally: and is obviously most in accordance with the universality that is characteristic of their principle ... it seems arbitrary and unreasonable to exclude from the end, as so conceived, any pleasure of any sentient being.

More Utilitarian schools of conservation seek a proper valuation of local and global impacts of human activity upon nature in their effect upon human well being, now and to our posterity.

Thus the Christian individualism of the Quakers, that each person shares the " inner light " and the Arminianism of the Evangelicals were both differently based from the Lockean or Kantian individualism of a Philosophe or a Utilitarian, but all recognized the equal moral significance of the human person and that the disregard of it was wrong.

We can divide ethnicity into two distinct areas, as they relate to ethnoconvergence: Utilitarian traits, and traditional customs.

He brought in Utilitarian philosophy in order to define theories of public opinion.

The sophisticated Utilitarian theories on the other hand do recommend what appears to be an entirely selfless moral agent.

Damien Keown devotes a great deal of his work to debunking claims that Buddhism is Utilitarian in nature.

Utilitarian bioethics is a branch of utilitarian ethics and bioethics that recommends directing medical resources where they will have most long-term effect for good.

Utilitarian bioethics is based on the premise that the distribution of resources is a zero-sum game, and therefore medical decisions should logically be made on the basis of each person's total future productive value and happiness, their chance of survival from the present, and the resources required for treatment.

Utilitarian policies prioritize scientific projects that significantly reduce suffering for larger numbers of people.

In a sense, women ’ s liberation will lead to the greatest good for the greatest amount of people thereby supporting a Utilitarian mindset.

Utilitarian character of both the body of building and its interior goes in accord with subtly adorned outer façades covered with wide strips and plates in colour of inox, airy, big window panes and sliding, glass doors.

" Utilitarian and evangelical-inspired social reform ", including the abolition of sati and the legalisation of widow remarriage were considered by many — especially the British themselves — to have caused suspicion that Indian religious traditions were being " interfered with ", with the ultimate aim of conversion.

Utilitarian: A passion to gain a return on all investments involving time, money and resources.

Theoretical Utilitarian ethics hold that promotion of general social welfare is the ultimate goal for the individual and society in general: " the greatest amount of happiness for the greatest number of people.

Her services to the School for many years were of a very high character, and I have often thought that one of the buildings should be named for her ''.

Adobe had been in use by indigenous peoples of the Americas in the Southwestern United States, Mesoamerica, and the Andean region of South America for several thousand years, although often substantial amounts of stone are used in the walls of Pueblo buildings.

These art pieces often served a liturgical function, whether as chalices or even as church buildings themselves.

Off-grid buildings often rely very little on civil services and are therefore safer and more comfortable during civil disaster or military attacks.

An increasing number of commercial buildings use a combined cycle with cogeneration to provide heating, often water heating, from the output of a natural gas reciprocating engine, gas turbine or stirling electric generator.

Annualized geo solar buildings often have buried, sloped water-tight skirts of insulation that extend from the foundations, to prevent heat leakage between the earth used as thermal mass, and the surface.

Cupolas often appear as small buildings in their own right.

Traditional church buildings are often in the shape of a cross and frequently have a tower or dome.

Old and disused church buildings can be seen as an interesting proposition for developers as the architecture and location often provide for attractive homes or city centre entertainment venues On the other hand, many newer Churches have decided to host meetings in public buildings such as schools, universities, cinemas < ref >

In fields outside art, technical drawings or plans of buildings, machinery, circuitry and other things are often called " drawings " even when they have been transferred to another medium by printing.

This type of door is also often seen as a mark of prestige and glamour for a building and it not unusual for neighbouring buildings to install their own revolving doors when a rival building gets one.

Residential doors are often 6 '- 8 ' high, as are many small stores, offices, and other light commercial buildings.

Larger commercial, public buildings and grand homes often use doors of greater height.

Older buildings often have smaller doors.

Special purpose fire doors are often employed in buildings to reduce the overall risk of fire, particularly by preventing the spread of fire and smoke.

Panic bars are often used in buildings so that a door locked from the exterior can quickly and easily be opened from the inside in the event of a fire or other emergency.

He made a few mistakes ; he may well have made others that we cannot detect because he is our sole authority ; when he tried to describe buildings his command of language was usually inadequate ; he is often confused and obscure, though this may be as much his printer's fault as his own ; his prose is frequently difficult to read and painful to translate ; but he seems to us to be free from the dishonesty of the traveller who tries to exaggerate his own knowledge, importance, or courage.

English Gothic writers often associated medieval buildings with what they saw as a dark and terrifying period, characterized by harsh laws enforced by torture, and with mysterious, fantastic, and superstitious rituals.

This naming was followed up with many Gothic novels often set in Gothic buildings, with the action taking place in castles, abbeys, convents and monasteries, many of them in ruins, evoking “ feelings of fear, surprise, confinement ”.

It is a cavity nester, preferring holes in cliffs, trees or buildings ; in built-up areas, Common Kestrels will often nest on buildings, and generally they often reuse the old nests of corvids if are available.

The portions of the cities that remained intact were small and modest and contained a cathedral or major church ( often sumptuously decorated ) and a few public buildings and townhomes of the aristocracy.