Utilitarianism, he said, was based on two principles: first, that the science of the legislator must bring together the naturally divergent interests of individuals in society ; and, second, that social order comes about spontaneously through the harmony of individual interests.

In Chapter Four of Utilitarianism Mill considers what proof can be given for the Principle of Utility.

In a footnote printed in the second edition of Utilitarianism, Mill says, “ the morality of the action depends entirely upon the intention — that is, upon what the agent wills to do .” Elsewhere, he says, “ Intention, and motive, are two very different things.

Utilitarianism is a hedonistic ethical theory that argues the proper course of action is one that maximizes overall " happiness ".

Utilitarianism is the view that the laws should be crafted so as to produce the best consequences for the greatest number of people possible.

Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism, where punishment is forward-looking.

Utilitarianism, in general, argues that the standard of justification for actions, institutions, or the whole world, is impartial welfare consequentialism, and only indirectly, if at all, to do with rights, property, need, or any other non-utilitarian criterion.

** Utilitarianism, which holds that an action is right if it leads to the most happiness for the greatest number of people.

* Utilitarianism is the view that the laws should be crafted so as to produce the best consequences.

Utilitarianism is a theory in normative ethics holding that the proper course of action is the one that maximizes overall happiness.

It is now generally taken to be a form of consequentialism, although when Anscome first introduced that term it was to distinguish between " old-fashioned Utilitarianism " and consequentialism.

The description Ideal Utilitarianism was first used by Hastings Rashdall in The Theory of Good and Evil ( 1907 ) but is more often associated with G. E. Moore.

" Utilitarianism is a civilization of production and of use, a civilization of things and not of persons, a civilization in which persons are used in the same way as things are used ".

Utilitarianism is typically taken to assess the rightness or wrongness of an action by considering just the consequences of that action.

This claim seems to go against the principle of Utilitarianism that it is permissible that one should be harmed so that the majority could benefit.

* Utilitarianism, when the highest good is identified with the maximum possible psychological happiness for the maximum number of people ;

Utilitarianism is the belief that if an action is good it benefits someone and an action is bad if it harms someone.

Act Utilitarianism is the belief that an action is good if its overall effect is to produce more happiness than unhappiness.

While David Brink concedes that Mill's apparently categorical appeal to rights seems to contradict Utilitarianism, he points out that Mill does not believe rights are truly categorical because Mill — when necessary — opposing unrestrained liberty ( e. g. offensive public exposure ).

" Utilitarianism, therefore, can only attain its goal of greater happiness by cultivating the nobleness of individuals so that all can benefit from the honour of others.

He also argued that if the “ average happiness enjoyed remains undiminished, Utilitarianism directs us to make the number enjoying it as great as possible .” This was also the view taken earlier by William Paley.

Utilitarianism would also require the indirect impact of social acceptance of inhumane policies to be taken into consideration, and general anxiety and fear could increase for all if human rights are commonly ignored.

Rule Utilitarianism is the belief that we should adopt a moral rule and if followed by everybody, would lead to a greater level of overall happiness.

# Utilitarianism, where the practical consequences of various policies are evaluated on the assumption that the right policy will be the one which results in the greatest happiness

Kelly argued in his book, Utilitarianism and Distributive Justice: Jeremy Bentham and the Civil Law, Bentham had a theory of justice that prevented such consequences.

" Nussbaum appropriates Rawls's critique of the insufficiencies of Utilitarianism, showing that a rational person will consistently prefer a system of justice that acknowledges boundaries between separate persons rather than relying on the aggregation of the sum total of desires.

And the prevailing philosophy of life would be a kind of Higher Utilitarianism, in which the Greatest Happiness principle would be secondary to the Final End principle – the first question to be asked and answered in every contingency of life being: " How will this thought or action contribute to, or interfere with, the achievement, by me and the greatest possible number of other individuals, of man's Final End?

In fact, notes Mill, Utilitarianism is actually a " standard of morality " which uses happiness of the greater number of people as its ultimate goal.

In Chapter four of his text " Utilitarianism " Mill can claim that the proof for the principle of utility is the fact that it is human nature.

Moreover, the ethical philosophies of Utilitarianism ( especially preference utilitarianism ) and Pragmatism commonly are identified as greatly employing casuistic reasoning.

Jeremy Bentham and James Mill, although advocates of laissez-faire, non-intervention in foreign affairs, and individual liberty, believed that social institutions could be rationally redesigned through the principles of Utilitarianism.

Utilitarianism provided the political justification for implementation of economic liberalism by British governments, which was to dominate economic policy from the 1830s.

Utilitarianism addresses problems with moral motivation neglected by Kantianism by giving a central role to happiness.

Melville despised Unitarianism and its associated " ism ", Utilitarianism.

" Mozi: Language Utilitarianism: The Structure of Ethics in Classical China ," The Journal of Chinese Philosophy 16 ( 1989 ) pp. 355-380.

( In England, economists tended to conceptualize utility in keeping with the Utilitarianism of Jeremy Bentham and later of John Stuart Mill.

Henry Sidgwick was an England | English Utilitarianism | utilitarian philosopher.

Utilitarianism can be characterized as a quantitative and reductionist approach to ethics.

Modern Utilitarianism by T. R. Birks 1874

" The now forgotten significance of Paley can be judged from the title of Birks 1874 work Modern Utilitarianism or the Systems of Paley, Bentham and Mill Examined and Compared.

Mill's book Utilitarianism first appeared as a series of three articles published in Fraser's Magazine in 1861 and was reprinted as a single book in 1863.