Various studies have estimated the death toll at between 740, 000 and 3, 000, 000, most commonly between 1. 4 million and 2. 2 million, with perhaps half of those deaths being due to executions, and the rest from starvation and disease.

Various studies have estimated the death toll at between 740, 000 and 3, 000, 000, most commonly between 1. 4 million and 2. 2 million, with perhaps half of those deaths being due to executions, and the rest from starvation and disease.

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