Unlike the Space Shuttle, whose solid rocket boosters expended chemical wastes during launch, VentureStar's exhausts would have been composed of only water vapor, since VentureStar's main fuels would have been only liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.

VentureStar's simpler design would have excluded hypergolic propellants and even hydraulics, relying upon only electrical power instead for flight controls, doors and landing gear.

VentureStar's engineering and design had offered numerous advantages over the Space Shuttle, representing considerable savings in time and materials, as well as increased safety.

Failures in VentureStar's technology demonstrator, the X-33, in particular with the composite LH2 ( liquid hydrogen ) tank, led to program cancellation as a federal undertaking on February, 2001.

Particularly in the weightless conditions of space, sunlight can be used directly, using large solar ovens made of lightweight metallic foil so as to generate thousands of degrees of heat ; or reflected onto crops to enable photosynthesis to proceed.

With practice, taping down the metallic foil to the receiving surface, he was able to spin the drill and thus create the heat necessary to apply the coloured foil by a hand and machine-driven engraving technique.

The " electron fluid " of a conductive metallic solid conducts most of the heat flux through the solid.

In 1819, Dulong collaborated with Alexis Petit to show that the mass heat capacity of metallic elements are inversely proportional to their atomic masses, this being now known as the Dulong-Petit law.

A metallic foil can be heat pressed and stamped onto any plastisol ink.

Lighter colors and also whites and metallic substances absorb less illuminating light, and thus heat up less ; but otherwise color makes small difference as regards heat transfer between an object at everyday temperatures and its surroundings, since the dominant emitted wavelengths are nowhere near the visible spectrum, but rather in the far infrared.

Reentry heat shields on these vehicles are often proposed to be some sort of ceramic and / or carbon-carbon heat shields, or occasionally metallic heat shields ( possibly using water cooling or some sort of relatively exotic rare earth metal.

Nonmagnetic materials and electrical insulators such as plastics can be induction-welded by implanting them with metallic or ferromagnetic compounds, called susceptors, that absorb the electromagnetic energy from the induction coil, become hot, and lose their heat to the surrounding material by thermal conduction.

An important consequence of this was that metallic glasses could only be produced in a limited number of forms ( typically ribbons, foils, or wires ) in which one dimension was small so that heat could be extracted quickly enough to achieve the necessary cooling rate.

Silica aerogel is especially good because silica is also a poor conductor of heat ( a metallic aerogel, on the other hand, would be less effective ).

Eddy current techniques are commonly used for the nondestructive examination ( NDE ) and condition monitoring of a large variety of metallic structures, including heat exchanger tubes, aircraft fuselage, and aircraft structural components ..

Subjects on which he published research after 1833 include: the absorption of gases in blood ( 1837 – 1845 ); the expansion of gases by heat ( 1841 – 1844 ); the vapour pressures of water and various solutions ( 1844 – 1854 ); thermoelectricity ( 1851 ); electrolysis of metallic salts in solution ( 1857 ); electromagnetic induction of currents ( 1858 – 1861 ); absorption and conduction of heat in gases ( 1860s ); polarization of heat ( 1866 – 1868 ); and the deflection of projectiles from firearms ( see Magnus effect ).

According to the classical Drude model, metallic electrons act as a nearly ideal gas, and so they should contribute ( 3 / 2 ) N < sub > e </ sub > k < sub > B </ sub > to the heat capacity by the equipartition theorem, where N < sub > e </ sub > is the number of electrons.

* Cased ammunition: Among its many functions, the metallic cartridge case acts as a heat sink protecting the propellant from chamber heat.

A way of producing F centers is to heat a crystal in the presence of an atmosphere of the metal that constitutes the material, e. g.: NaCl heated in a metallic Na atmosphere.

One of the functions of the metallic cartridge case is as a heat sink ; the metallic case carries away a significant amount of the heat from combustion of the propellant, slowing the rate at which heat is transferred to the chamber.

* The commissioning of a special metallic shield to fight Turnus in the Aeneid and the dragon in Beowulf.

Coaxial cable conducts electrical signal using an inner conductor ( usually a flexible solid or stranded copper wire ) surrounded by an insulating layer and all enclosed by a shield layer, typically a woven metallic braid ; the cable is often protected by an outer insulating jacket.

: motorized artillery variant with wooden wheels replaced by metallic wheels with tyres, altered shield

As he relates the shield falling from off the wall, a reverberation, metallic and hollow, can be heard.

Batfink's main defense were his metallic wings, which he was able to curl around himself as a protective shield against most attacks, thereby spawning the most famous catchphrase of the show:

Coaxial cable is a rounded cable with a center conductor and a braided or solid metallic shield, usually copper or aluminum.

* Electromagnetic shielding in physics, the exclusion of electric, magnetic, or electromagnetic fields by a metallic screen or shield

They are commonly known as jewel bugs or metallic shield bugs due to their often brilliant coloration.

* William Hope Hodgson's 1912 novel The Night Land features the first example of what we now would call an arcology, though the future Earthlings depicted — millions of years into the future, in fact — have different reasons for building their metallic pyramid.

In the Vietnam War, American soldiers were allowed to place rubber silencers on their dog tags so the enemy would not hear the metallic clanking.

Johansson and Rosengren predicted in 1975 that Md would prefer a divalent metallic state, similar to europium ( Eu ) and ytterbium ( Yb ), rather than a trivalent one.

Peierls showed that, in the case of a one-dimensional row of metallic atoms, say hydrogen, an instability had to arise that would lead to the breakup of such a chain into individual molecules.

From 2003 through 2008, the New England Patriots had a " light " jersey ( their alternate, a bright metallic silver ) that isn't white in which the other team would wear their colored, or " dark " jerseys against them since the third jersey rule was implemented in the NFL in 2002.

A chance discovery of a sample of " plastic wood " ( a pliable substance designed as wood-filler ) allowed Schulze-Mittendorff to build a costume that would both appear metallic and allow a small amount of free movement.

It is hypothesized that most of the outer silicates of the colliding body would be vaporized, whereas a metallic core would not.

The Centralab Division of Globe Union submitted a proposal which met the requirements: a ceramic plate would be screenprinted with metallic paint for conductors and carbon material for resistors, with ceramic disc capacitors and subminiature vacuum tubes soldered in place.

Although unbinilium is expected to behave typically for an alkaline earth metal, showing a strong + 2 oxidation state, the energetic properties of its valence electrons would increase its ionization energies ; hence, unbinilium may have a lower metallic and ionic radius than expected, and may behave more similarly to calcium and strontium than barium or radium.

It was intended that after a completion of its scientific mission of in-flight measurements, Luna-1 would crash into the Moon, delivering two metallic pennants with the Soviet coat of arms that were included into its package.

* Andy Warhol's Oxidations series, begun in 1977, in which he invited friends to urinate onto a canvas of metallic copper pigments, so that the uric acid would oxidize into abstract patterns ;

In 1935 however, physicists Eugene Wigner and Hillard Bell Huntington predicted that under an immense pressure of around ( or ), hydrogen atoms would display metallic properties, losing hold over their electrons.

In addition, metastable metallic hydrogen ( MSMH ) would make an efficient fuel and also a clean one, with only water as an end product ( if burned in pure oxygen ).

There is a further divide between those who prefer an android to appear human-like and those who would prefer a more mechanical looking robot, i. e. with a metallic surface.

Beginning in 1874, the rifle was easily converted to fire metallic cartridges ( under the name of Gras rifle ), a step which would have been impossible to achieve with the Dreyse needle rifle.

Period 2 only has two metals ( lithium and beryllium ), making it the least metallic period ( period 1 has no metals, but as mentioned above, only has two elements, so it would be impossible to have more metals ) and the most nonmetals, with four.

This is why, in art, a metallic paint that glitters in an approximation of real gold would be used ; a solid color like that of the cell displayed in the box to the right does not aesthetically " read " as gold.

The new idents featured metallic TVS lettering which would spin out, turning into a metallic logo before spinning back to the lettering.

* Andy Warhol's Oxidations series, begun in 1977, in which he invited friends to urinate onto a canvas of metallic copper pigments, so that the uric acid would oxidize into abstract patterns ;

He lauded Matheos ' performance on the album: " In any other subgenre of rock, Matheos would be a guitar hero on the order of Steve Vai or Eddie Van Halen, the Fates Warning frontman capable of both classically styled acoustic craftsmanship and chaotic metallic riffing, often in the context of the same song.

Due to the fixed metallic content of the gold franc, its exchange rate with the Swiss franc would go up and down according to market supply and demand, like any other free-floating currency.

Flip-flops eventually came to dominate the casual footwear of young women from their teenage years to college and, often, they would be embellished with metallic finishes, charms, chains, beads, rhinestones, or other jewelry.