* Verner's law

Verner's law, stated by Karl Verner in 1875, describes a historical sound change in the Proto-Germanic language whereby voiceless fricatives * f, * þ, * s, * h, * hʷ, when immediately following an unstressed syllable in the same word, underwent voicing and became respectively the fricatives * b, * d, * z, * g, * gʷ.

( In Proto-Germanic, voiced fricatives were allophones of their corresponding voiced plosives when they occurred between vowels, semivowels and liquids, so we write them here as * b, * d, * g. But the situations where Verner's law applied resulted in fricatives in these very circumstances, so we understand these phonemes as fricatives in this context.

# REDIRECT Verner's law

He is remembered today for Verner's law, which he discovered in 1875.

Verner's law -

Notable among these are Grimm's law and Verner's law in Proto-Germanic, loss of prevocalic * p-in Proto-Celtic, reduction to h of prevocalic * s-in Proto-Greek, Brugmann's law and Bartholomae's law in Proto-Indo-Iranian, Grassmann's law independently in both Proto-Greek and Proto-Indo-Iranian, and Winter's law and Hirt's law in Balto-Slavic.

In Proto-Germanic consonant alternations known as grammatischer Wechsel developed, as a result of Verner's law.

The inflectional type is usually accepted to reach back into Proto-Indo-European times, with an exact correspondence of Sanskrit and Old Norse ylgr, both meaning " she-wolf ", first described by Karl Verner in 1877 ( see Verner's law ).

* * đ (/ ð /) was derived by Grimm's law from PIE * dʰ or by Verner's law ( i. e. when immediately following an unstressed syllable ) from PIE * t.

In historical linguistics, the German term grammatischer Wechsel (" grammatical alternation ") refers to the effects of Verner's law when viewed synchronically within the paradigm of a Germanic verb.

Note that this table lists only the outcome of word-internal consonants, since word-initial consonants were generally not affected by Verner's law.

It is also known as the " second Germanic " consonant shift to distinguish it from the "( first ) Germanic consonant shift " as defined by Grimm's law, and its refinement, Verner's law.

( G = Grimm's law ; V = Verner's law ) Note that the pairs of words used to illustrate sound shifts must be cognates ; they need not be semantic equivalents.

There is a spinoff from Verner's Law: the rule accounts also for PGmc * z as the development of PIE * s in some words.

The law affects the various series of stops in Proto-Indo-European that underwent Grimm's and Verner's law.

Since this * z changed to * r in the Scandinavian languages and in West Germanic ( German, Dutch, English, Frisian ), Verner's Law resulted in alternation of * s and * r in some inflectional paradigms, known as grammatischer Wechsel.

In the bottom row, for each pair, the sound on the right represents the sound changed according to Verner's Law.

This led to the formation of Verner's Law.

While Bumpus was put off by Verner's request of the prohibitively high salary of $ 175 a month and was not impressed with the man's credentials, he was interested in Benga.

* Verner's full official title was Minister of Canadian Heritage and Status of Women and Minister for la Francophonie.

When Verner first moved to the United States, the male member of a popular ice-skating pair had the surname Vernon ; Americans continually mistook Verner's last name to be the same as the popular ice skater, and eventually the magician became fed up with correcting people and simply adopted " Vernon " as well.

Verner's win in the 2006 election, was one of the first ever Quebec victories for the Conservative Party of Canada.

In his 1964 presidential address to the Linguistic Society of America, American linguist Charles Hockett considered Syntactic Structures one of " only four major breakthroughs in modern linguistics ", alongside Sir William Jones's address to the Asiatic Society in 1786, Karl Verner's Eine Ausnahme der ersten Lautverschiebung in 1875 and Ferdinand de Saussure's Cours de Linguistique Générale in 1916.

In Verner's view, Shepseskare was a son of Sahure who attempted to continue his family's royal line ; hence, the close proximity of his pyramid next to Sahure's.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

The enormous changes in world politics have, however, thrown it into confusion, so much so that it is safe to say that all international law is now in need of reexamination and clarification in light of the social conditions of the present era.

To him, law is the command of the sovereign ( the English monarch ) who personifies the power of the nation, while sovereignty is the power to make law -- i.e., to prevail over internal groups and to be free from the commands of other sovereigns in other nations.

Moreover, the law of the land is not irrevocable ; ;

That is to say Gabriel's fundamental law had been so much modified by this time that it was neither fundamental nor law any more.

It is a weakness of Gabriel's analysis that he never seems to realize that his so-called fundamental law had already been cut loose from its foundations when it was adapted to democracy.

Mr. Stavropoulos is the U.N. legal chief and a very good man, but he is not fully versed on some technical points of American law ''.

His father was a professor at Hartford Theological Seminary, and from him he acquired a conviction, which he passed along to me, that there is in the universe of persons a moral law, the law of love, which is a natural law in the same sense as is the physical law.

The island first attracted the notice of archaeologists by the remarkable archaic Greek bronzes found in a cave on Mount Ida in 1885, as well as by epigraphic monuments such as the famous law of Gortyna ( also called Gortyn ).

Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. in his famous article, " The Path of the Law ", commented, " It is revolting to have no better reason for a rule of law than that so it was laid down in the time of Henry IV.

Group litigation survived in the United States only thanks to the influence of Supreme Court Associate Justice Joseph Story, who imported it in a rather mangled form into U. S. law through summary discussions in his two equity treatises as well as his famous opinion in West v. Randall ( 1820 ).

The first European university, the University of Bologna, was founded as a school of law by four famous legal scholars in the 12th century who were students of the glossator school in Bologna.

In 1827, the German scientist Georg Ohm expressed his law in this famous book " Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet " ( The Galvanic Circuit Investigated Mathematically ) in which he gave his complete theory of electricity.

The poet Christian Wernicke was born in 1661 in Elbląg, while Gottfried Achenwall became famous for his teachings in natural law and human rights law.

Edward Gibbon, in his classic The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, discusses the topic in considerable detail in his famous Chapter Fifteen, summarizing the historical causes of the early success of Christianity as follows: "( 1 ) The inflexible, and, if we may use the expression, the intolerant zeal of the Christians, derived, it is true, from the Jewish religion, but purified from the narrow and unsocial spirit which, instead of inviting, had deterred the Gentiles from embracing the law of Moses.

On the other hand, centers of learning as the Platonic Academy in Athens and the famous law school of Beirut lost their importance during his reign.

The Talmud records a tradition that unattributed statements of the law represent the views of Rabbi Meir ( Sanhedrin 86a ), which supports the theory ( recorded by Rav Sherira Gaon in his famous Iggeret ) that he was the author of an earlier collection.

This is the famous argument etiamsi daremus ( non esse Deum ), that made natural law no longer dependent on theology.

Young's famous double slit experiment showed that light followed the law of superposition, which is a wave-like property not predicted by Newton's corpuscle theory.

He would have received a conventional élite education in the Greek classics and then rhetoric, perhaps at the famous School of Gaza, may have attended law school, possibly at Berytus ( modern Beirut ) or Constantinople, and became a rhetor ( barrister or advocate ).

For instance, it is commonly accepted now that the famous Gutenberg – Richter law decays more rapidly than a pure power-law tail because of a finite exponential cutoff in the upper tail.

Von Feuerbach was the originator of the famous maxim nullum crimen, nulla poena sine praevia lege poenali: " There's no crime and hence there shall not be punishment if at the time no penal law existed "

It is the strictest test of causation, made famous by Benjamin Cardozo in Palsgraf v. Long Island Railroad Co. case under New York state law.

Oratory in the Roman empire, though less central to political life than in the days of the Republic, remained important in law, and became ( under the second Sophistic ) an important form of entertainment, with famous orators or declaimers gaining great wealth and prestige for their skills.

)- 1475, he studied civil law at the university of Pavia, and later went to Ferrara ( 1475 – 1479 ), where he became the protégé of Prince d ' Este of Ferrara, was a pupil of Theodor Gaza and attended lectures by the famous Battista Guarino.

The famous " capitulation " law ( or " status-of-forces agreement ") would allow members of the U. S. armed forces in Iran to be tried in their own military courts.

Among the famous jurists of the republican period are Quintus Mucius Scaevola who wrote a voluminous treatise on all aspects of the law, which was very influential in later times, and Servius Sulpicius Rufus, a friend of Marcus Tullius Cicero.

In fact, praetoric law was so defined by the famous Roman jurist Papinian ( Amilius Papinianus — died in 212 AD ): " Ius praetorium est quod praetores introduxerunt adiuvandi vel supplendi vel corrigendi iuris civilis gratia propter utilitatem publicam " (" praetoric law is that law introduced by praetors to supplement or correct civil law for public benefit ").

The team's name is borrowed from the famous law enforcement agency of the same name.