Modern relations between the two countries are based on Vietnam's developing economy and Japan's role as an investor and foreign aid donor.

Although Vietnam's historical record of leadership in the revolution and its military power and proximity will not cease to exist, Laos struck out ahead of Vietnam with its New Economic Mechanism to introduce market mechanisms into its economy.

Until the French colonization in the mid-19th century, Vietnam's economy had been uniformly agrarian, subsistence-based and village-oriented.

Although Vietnam's historical record of leadership in the revolution and its military power and proximity will not cease to exist, Laos struck out ahead of Vietnam with its New Economic Mechanism to introduce market mechanisms into its economy.

With the economy in shambles, Vietnam's government altered its course and adopted consensus policies that bridged the divergent views of pragmatists and communist traditionalists.

On the way back to the Chinese border, the PLA destroyed all local infrastructure and housing and looted all useful equipment and resources ( including livestock ), which were mainly donated by China to support Vietnam's economy prior to the war, completely paralyzing the economy of northern Vietnam.

Nowadays, when Vietnam's economy is much better than before, pork rind is no longer a substitute food, but a delicious and special component in many Vietnamese dishes, such as cơm tấm, noodle and snails ( bún ốc ), noodle soup, etc.

Credited as the author of the reforms known as Đổi Mới, which have transformed Vietnam's economy, he was a rarity among senior officials in speaking out publicly against the failings of the communist system.

Vũng Tàu is the only petroleum base of Vietnam where crude oil and natural gas exploitation activities dominate the city's economy and contribute principal income to Vietnam's budget and export volume.

Constituting just 1 percent of Vietnam's population, the Chinese controlled an estimated 90 percent of non-European private capital in the mid-1960s and dominated Vietnam's retail trade, its financial, manufacturing, and transportation sectors, and all aspects of the country's rice economy.

Immediately, he started reforming Vietnam's economy.

Overall, more than 20 % of South Vietnam's forests were sprayed at least once over a nine-year period.

Overall, more than 20 % of South Vietnam's forests were sprayed at least once over a nine year period.

Overall, more than 20 % of South Vietnam's forests were sprayed at least once over a nine-year period.

During this period he was active in the training of the Vietnamese National Army ( VNA ), organizing the Caodaist militias under Trình Minh Thế in an attempt to bolster the VNA, a propaganda campaign encouraging Vietnam's Catholics to move to the south as part of Operation Passage to Freedom, and spreading claims that North Vietnamese agents were making attacks in South Vietnam.

This marked an important period in Vietnam's war against French invaders in South Vietnam ( then called Cochinchina ).

It has traditionally been a significant port, particularly during Vietnam's period of French rule.

Ambassador Martin's hope was that North Vietnam's leaders would be willing to allow a " phased withdrawal " whereby a gradual departure might be achieved in order to allow helpful locals and all Americans to leave ( along with full military withdrawal ) over a period of months.

Vietnam's settlement of the Mekong Delta led to its annexation of that area at the end of the 17th century.

While organized to promote common economic, social, and cultural goals, ASEAN acquired a security dimension after Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia in 1979 ; this aspect of ASEAN expanded with the establishment of the ASEAN Regional Forum in 1994, which comprises 22 countries, including the U. S. Indonesia's continued domestic troubles have distracted it from ASEAN matters and consequently lessened its influence within the organization.

With the collapse of the Soviet Union and with Vietnam's decreased ability to provide assistance, Laos has sought to improve relations with its regional neighbors.

Laos might have reached the same point of normalization in following Vietnam's economic and diplomatic change, but by moving ahead resolutely and responding to Thai and Chinese gestures, Laos has broadened its range of donors, trading partners, and investors independent of Vietnam's attempts to accomplish the same goal.

Despite being a superpower and having a superior arsenal of weapons at its disposal, the United States was unable to make substantial gains against North Vietnam's proxy guerilla army in South Vietnam, the Viet Cong.

Laos might have reached the same point of normalization in following Vietnam's economic and diplomatic change, but by moving ahead resolutely and responding to Thai and Chinese gestures, Laos has broadened its range of donors, trading partners, and investors independent of Vietnam's attempts to accomplish the same goal.

On the 2006 visit Chavez praised Vietnam's revolutionary history as he attacked the United States for its " imperialist " crimes in the Vietnam War.

In 1990, Perot reached agreement with Vietnam's Foreign Ministry to become its business agent in the event that diplomatic relations were normalized.

On June 19, 2010, after a month of deliberation, Vietnam's National Assembly rejected the high speed rail proposal due to its high cost ; National Assembly deputies had asked for further study of the project.

In fact, on March 31, 1968, just a month after Clifford arrived at The Pentagon, Johnson, in an effort to get peace talks started, ordered the cessation of bombing north of the 20th parallel, an area comprising almost 80 percent of North Vietnam's land area and 90 percent of its population.

During its incursion into Cambodia in 1978 – 89, Vietnam's international isolation extended to relations with the United States.

The kingdom remained independent from the Chinese who controlled Vietnam's north and in its refusal to submit, Champa frequently waged wars against China as well as other neighboring kingdoms, Đại Việt and Khmer Empire.

The four objectives of the operation ( which evolved over time ) were to boost the sagging morale of the Saigon regime in the Republic of Vietnam, to persuade North Vietnam to cease its support for the communist insurgency in South Vietnam without actually taking any ground forces into communist North Vietnam, to destroy North Vietnam's transportation system, industrial base, and air defenses, and to cease the flow of men and material into South Vietnam.

On 3 April the Joint Chiefs convinced McNamara and Johnson to launch a four-week attack on North Vietnam's lines of communications, which would isolate that nation from its overland sources of supply in the PRC and the Soviet Union.

The KNUFNS provided the semblance, if not the reality, of legitimacy for Vietnam's invasion of Democratic Kampuchea and for its subsequent establishment of a satellite regime in Phnom Penh.

In the early 1980s, Vietnam's government declared the place a corrupt reminder of the past and dissolved the cemetery by 1983.

The West's exposure in Vietnam and Vietnam's exposure to Westerners dated back to 166 AD with the arrival of merchants from the Roman Empire, to 1292 with the visit of Marco Polo, and the early 16th century with the arrival of Portuguese in 1516 and other European traders and missionaries.

Populous and rice-rich, the valley was viewed as one of the keys to controlling South Vietnam's five northern provinces by the communists and by early 1967 at least two regiments of the 2nd Division of the People ’ s Army of Vietnam ( PAVN, known to the U. S. Army as the North Vietnamese Army or NVA ) had been infiltrated into the area.

Trần Văn Chương ( c. 1898 — 24 July 1986 ) was South Vietnam's ambassador to the United States in the early 1960s and the father of the country's de facto first lady, Madame Nhu ( 1924-2011 ).

The CIDG program was devised by the CIA in early 1961 to counter expanding Viet Cong influence in South Vietnam's Central Highlands.

Populous and rice-rich, the valley was viewed as one of the keys to controlling South Vietnam's five northern provinces by the communists and by early 1967 at least two regiments of the 2nd Division of the PAVN had been infiltrated into the area.

Populous and rice-rich, the valley was viewed as one of the keys to controlling South Vietnam's five northern provinces by the communists and by early 1967 at least two regiments of the 2nd Division of the People ’ s Army of Vietnam had been infiltrated into the area.

* Vietnam's boat people: 25 years of fears, hopes and dreams, CNN

The Fall and Liberation of Saigon tells about the takeover of Vietnam's capital by the Vietcong and the scramble of the last westerners to escape with American helicopters ; he stayed there for some time and witnessed the changes. Two years later he would face death when trying to document the new " Democratic Kampuchea ": the Khmer Rouge tried to execute him after his arrival in the border town of Poipet, and he saved his life only by his knowledge of the Chinese language.

In the song " Mother's Legacy " ( Gia tài của mẹ ), Trinh sings about the Vietnamese experience of the Vietnam War: He laments that the 1, 000 years of Vietnam's subjugation to Chinese imperial rule, the 100 years of subjugation to French colonial rule, and the ongoing civil war, together have left a sad legacy of graveyards, parched fields and burning houses.