Due to its geography as Vietnam's gateway to China, Lạng Sơn and its ancient citadel have been in the path of many invasions, and were the site of three French defeats during the colonial era.

This made Vietnam's Communist Party suspicious of the Degar, particularly during the Vietnam War, since it was thought that they would be more inclined to help the American forces ( predominantly Christian — mainly Protestant ).

This made Vietnam's Communist Party suspicious of the Dega, particularly during the Vietnam War, since it was thought that they would be more inclined to help the American forces ( predominantly Christian — mainly Protestant ).

From the name of this river, the name was adopted to call what is now Nha Trang, which was officially made Vietnam's territory in 1653.

He presided over his nation's defeat by the French navy at the Battle of Thuan An in August 1883, and on 25 August 1883 he signed a treaty which made Vietnam a protectorate of France, ending Vietnam's independence.

" When Congress, in the summer of 1973, legislated an end to U. S. military action in, over, or off the shores of Indochina, the only U. S. military activity then going on was air support of a friendly Cambodian government and army desperately defending their country against a North Vietnamese and Khmer Rouge onslaught ... What destabilized Cambodia was North Vietnam's occupation of chunks of Cambodian territory from 1965 onwards for use as military bases from which to launch attacks on U. S. and South Vietnamese forces in South Vietnam.

He announced his plans for Vietnam's future as an industrialised country, to be completed by 2020.

For example, the preamble to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam's constitution states that Vietnam only entered a transition stage between capitalism and socialism after the country was re-unified under the Communist party in 1976, and the 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Cuba states that the role of the Communist Party is to " guide the common effort toward the goals and construction of socialism ".

These small-scale operations were launched against the southern region of the country, where the bulk of North Vietnam's ground forces and supply dumps were located.

For example, the preamble to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam's constitution states that Vietnam only entered a transition stage between capitalism and socialism after the country was re-unified under the Communist party in 1976, and the 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Cuba states that the role of the Communist Party is to " guide the common effort toward the goals and construction of socialism ".

* 1966 – After a policy dispute, Prime Minister Nguyen Cao Ky of South Vietnam's ruling junta launches a military attack on the forces of General Ton That Dinh, forcing him to abandon his command.

On 3 April the Joint Chiefs convinced McNamara and Johnson to launch a four-week attack on North Vietnam's lines of communications, which would isolate that nation from its overland sources of supply in the PRC and the Soviet Union.

Due to aircraft losses during the initial phase, they intended to launch an all-out attack on North Vietnam's air defenses when the operation resumed.

The reason cited for the attack was the mistreatment of Vietnam's ethnic Chinese minority and the Vietnamese occupation of the Spratly Islands ( claimed by the PRC ).

It was implied that during the USMC and ARVN attack, North Vietnam's forces had rounded up those individuals whose names it had previously collected and had them executed or sent North for reeducation.

This practice is one of many indications of the idea " Vietnam's equality with China " which is remained intact up to twentieth century.

While organized to promote common economic, social, and cultural goals, ASEAN acquired a security dimension after Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia in 1979 ; this aspect of ASEAN expanded with the establishment of the ASEAN Regional Forum in 1994, which comprises 22 countries, including the U. S. Indonesia's continued domestic troubles have distracted it from ASEAN matters and consequently lessened its influence within the organization.

South Vietnam's origins can be traced to the French colony of Cochinchina, which consisted of the southern third of Vietnam and was a subdivision of French Indochina.

In the cases of both Laos and Cambodia, the adoption of communism was directly attributable to the Vietnam War, which had spread over the borders of Vietnam into these countries, and to Vietnam's political regional ambitions, which included directly organizing communist parties in both countries.

* 1009: Vietnam's Lý Dynasty begins, which is partly brought about by an alliance with the Buddhist monkhood.

The four objectives of the operation ( which evolved over time ) were to boost the sagging morale of the Saigon regime in the Republic of Vietnam, to persuade North Vietnam to cease its support for the communist insurgency in South Vietnam without actually taking any ground forces into communist North Vietnam, to destroy North Vietnam's transportation system, industrial base, and air defenses, and to cease the flow of men and material into South Vietnam.

Cockburn contrasted that response to the response to revelations in 1989 that Graham had advocated destroying Vietnam's irrigation infrastructure, which by Nixon's estimate would kill a million civilians, if the Paris peace talks failed.

In that interview, Dong described a provision of a proposed peace deal as a " coalition of transition ," which raised fears with the South Vietnamese that the deal involved a coalition government, possibly playing a role in South Vietnam's rejection of the deal.

* F-6, a counterinsurgency program designed, coordinated, and executed by the United States Central Intelligence Agency CIA, United States special operations forces, and the Republic of Vietnam's ( South Vietnam ) security apparatus during the Vietnam War, similar in nature to the Phoenix Program which was phased out due to negative publicity

He attended the Anti-Imperialism Congress in Belgium that year, which created the League against Imperialism, and met with Vietnam's Ho Chi Minh.

China launched the offensive in response to Vietnam's invasion and occupation of Cambodia in 1978 ( which ended the reign of the Chinese-backed Khmer Rouge ), which Chinese President Deng Xiao Ping saw as a Soviet attempt " to extend its evil tentacles to Southeast Asia and ... carry out expansion there.

On the way back to the Chinese border, the PLA destroyed all local infrastructure and housing and looted all useful equipment and resources ( including livestock ), which were mainly donated by China to support Vietnam's economy prior to the war, completely paralyzing the economy of northern Vietnam.

In contrast, Vietnam's decreasing prestige in the region led it to be more dependent on the Soviet Union, to which it leased a naval base at Cam Ranh Bay.

Even worse was the fact that the Chinese had not even engaged Vietnam's regular army ( which was in Cambodia ), but instead fought militia and home guard units.

Credited as the author of the reforms known as Đổi Mới, which have transformed Vietnam's economy, he was a rarity among senior officials in speaking out publicly against the failings of the communist system.

With nearly 85 percent of North Vietnam's imports ( which arrived by sea ) blocked by Pocket Money, the administration and the Pentagon believed that cutting its final lines of communication with its socialist allies.

Article 6 of Vietnam's 1992 Constitution states: " The people make use of state power through the agency of the National Assembly and the People's Councils, which represent the will and aspirations of the people, are elected by them and responsible to them.

In 2000, Clear Path International ( CPI ) was still working to remove unexploded ordnance left by the United States in QQuảng Trị province, which was at the time the largest unexploded ordnance removal effort by an NGO in Vietnam's history.

* 1963 – A protest against pro-Catholic discrimination during the Buddhist crisis is held outside South Vietnam's National Assembly, the first open demonstration during the eight-year rule of Ngo Dinh Diem.

* Vietnam's National Day is September 2

Vietnam's legal system is based upon socialist legality according to Article 12 of the constitution.

* The Lý Dynasty, Vietnam's first independent dynasty, is proclaimed.

Vietnam's village is the typical symbol of Asian agricultural production.

Vietnam's village typically contains: a village gate, " lũy tre " ( bamboo hedges ), " đình làng " ( communal house ) where " thành hoàng " ( tutelary god ) is worshiped, a common well, " đồng lúa " ( rice field ), " chùa " ( temple ) and houses of all families in the village.

( It is also Vietnam's Trieu Dynasty.

It is also spoken in Vietnam's Ho Chi Minh City Cholon neighborhood.

This arrangement is a somewhat simplified version of the situation in Vietnam's national government.

The following is a table of Vietnam's provinces broken down by population and area, April 1, 2009.

Because the Front is based around mass participation and popular mobilization, it is seen as representative of the people, and both Vietnam's constitution and laws give it a special role.

Đà Nẵng is listed as a first class city, and has a higher urbanization ratio than any of Vietnam's other provinces or centrally governed cities.

Hai Phong is a coastal city located at the mouth of the Cam River, in Vietnam's northeastern coastal area, 120 km east of Hanoi.

Nowadays, when Vietnam's economy is much better than before, pork rind is no longer a substitute food, but a delicious and special component in many Vietnamese dishes, such as cơm tấm, noodle and snails ( bún ốc ), noodle soup, etc.

Cần Thơ () is Vietnam's fourth largest city, and the largest city in the Mekong delta.

In 2008, two-way trade reached nearly $ 1. 4 billion and Belgium is now Vietnam's fourth largest export market among EU countries.

Professor Dr. Nguyen Thien Nhan, current Vietnam's Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Education & Training, is also an alumnus of the former Technical University.