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Villani's actions are explained by Richard H. Lansing and Teodolinda Barolini, who write: " Evidently two decades after the poet's death a conservative writer closely identified with the Florentine state still felt obliged to distance himself from the most outspoken critic of the basis of that state's prestige.
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Villani's and are
Green points out that in Villani's writing there are two significant earthly powers that seem to be exempt or immune from this theory of immorality leading to downfall: Florence and the papacy.
However, Villani's descriptions of events which preceded him by centuries are riddled with inaccurate traditional accounts, popular legend, and hearsay.
On Villani's estimation that a third of Antwerp's population died off during the Great Famine of 1315-1317, the early 20th-century historian Henry S. Lucas wrote, " not much faith can be placed in such statistics which are little better than guesses.
Villani's and by
The figure Villani asserted of 400, 000 Florins owed to the Peruzzi by Edward alone equalled Villani's estimate for the entire payroll of 30, 000 workers of the Florentine cloth industry in 1338.
Yet by the 1350s the general attitude towards the novi cives had changed much, as even Villani's brother Matteo depicted them in a heroic light for being united in a coalition with the merchants and artisans to curb oligarchic power.
The Chronica de origine civitatis was composed sometime before 1231, but there is little comparison between this work and Villani's ; mid-20th-century historian Nicolai Rubinstein states that the legendary accounts in this earlier chronicle were " arbitrarily selected by a compiler whose learning and critical faculties were considerably below the standard of his age.
However, Green notes that Villani's " cautionary tales " disembarked from the Classical Greek tradition of the arrogant and haughty rich falling from fortune due to the Greek belief in equalizing forces determining one's unavoidable fate, which Green calls " excessive good fortune having to be balanced by an appropriate measure of sorrow.
In the original account by the Ghent monk Jean de Thilrode in 1294, the Jew was compelled to convert to Christianity, but Villani's account followed that of the later Chronicles of Saint-Denis ( 1285 – 1328 ) which told that the Jew was burned to death for his crime.
St. Antoninus, archbishop of Florence, repeated the story of Villani in his Latin Chronicles, while Villani's illustrated Cronica featured a scene of this French Jew that later appeared in a painting by Paolo Uccello.
Historian Mark Phillips states that all subsequent Florentine accounts of the tyrannical regime of Walter VI of Brienne — including those by Leonardo Bruni and Niccolò Machiavelli — were based upon the primary source of Villani's Cronica.
Villani's and .
In Villani's story's Emperor Kassan of the Tartars thus defeated the Sultan of Egypt in 1299.
Since 1994, the town has been listed in all four editions of John Villani's " 100 Best Art Towns in America ," one of only 11 towns so rated.
He is again the project coordinator since April 2011 after Pat Villani's departure.
Villani's work has received both praise and criticism from modern historians.
The bankruptcy of the Buonaccorsi Company led to Villani's conviction and imprisonment in 1346, as he was a main partner.
Charles, Duke of Calabria had granted the Buonaccorsi the right to tax three of the six districts of Florence, which did not help Villani's reputation amongst his fellow citizens.
Villani's class was at a constitutional disadvantage, as twenty-one guilds representing twenty-one equal voices in government meant that the oligarchy of higher guildsmen was " helplessly outnumbered " as historian John M. Najemy states.
Villani's work is an Italian chronicle written from the perspective of the political class of Florence just as the city rose to a rich and powerful position.
Villani's reasoning for Rome's decline was the schisms of the Church and rebellion against the papal institution, while the ascension of Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor ( r. 962 – 973 ) allowed for the conditions of Florence's rise against enemies of papal authority, such as Florentine-conquered Fiesole.
" Villani's Cronica also provides the first known biography of Dante Alighieri ( 1265 – 1321 ), author of the Divine Comedy, who Villani described as haughty, disdainful, and reserved.
" Villani's adherence to Medieval Christianity allowed him to suggest retribution was delivered because of sin and insult to God.
The interests of these two powers represent, as Green states, " the kingpin of Villani's scheme of historical interpretation.
Villani's Cronica marks the first appearance in Italian literature of this legend, while " Villani's report includes details which establish an independent Italian branch of the tradition " according to Lavin.
Villani's and two
The 15th-century Florentine historian Domenico di Leonardo Buoninsegni also featured in the first two chapters of his Istoria Fiorentina a summary of Villani's Cronica.
Villani's and death
Nothing is known of Villani's brother, Matteo, save that he was twice married, that he died of the plague in 1363, and that he continued work on the Cronica until his death.
Villani's and closely
He closely imitated Boccaccio, and drew on Villani's chronicle for his historical stories.
Villani's and with
Villani's narrative is often encumbered with fables and errors, particularly when he speaks of things that happened before his time.
Villani's and still
" For example, although Nicolai Rubinstein acknowledged that Villani's chronicles were much more matured and developed than earlier ones, Villani still relied on legend and hearsay to account for the origins of cities such as Fiesole.
Villani's and from
Totila razes the walls of Florence: illumination from the Chigi ms of Giovanni Villani | Villani's Cronica
Villani's Chronicle: Being Selections from the First Nine Books of the Croniche Fiorentine of Giovanni Villani.
File: Totila fa dstruggere la città di Firenze. jpg | Totila razes the walls of Florence in the 6th century ; only the Baptistry remains ( from the Chigi MS of Villani's Cronica )
In his Centiloquio he set out in terzinas ninety-one canto's worth of chronicle from Giovanni Villani's Cronaca.
actions and are
In its place is a passionate consciousness grasped and molded to feelings of positive or negative values even as the actions of one's life are determined by constellations of process in which one is caught.
Ideally speaking, it should be allowed to operate only where the public has a great stake in the continuity of supply or services, and where the actions of a single proprietor are secondary to the needs of society.
In Greek tragedy as in Shakespeare, mortal actions are encompassed by forces which transcend man.
Others have so-called development plans, but some of these are little more than lists of projects collected from various ministries while others are statements of goals without analysis of the actions required to attain them.
efforts, as I see it, which are being directed, by the way, toward support for future actions, not for those already past.
While it is easy enough to ridicule Hawkins' pronouncement in Pleas Of The Crown from a metaphysical point of view, the concept of the `` oneness '' of a married couple may reflect an abiding belief that the communion between husband and wife is such that their actions are not always to be regarded by the criminal law as if there were no marriage.
Colt's center-fire 1961 rifles are all made with Sako actions, regardless of caliber.
By such innocent actions are human tragedies sometimes set in motion.
Its folklore and legend, usually disguised as history, are allowed to account for group actions, to provide a focal point for group loyalty, and to become a cohesive force for national identification.
`` In view of the present situation in Laos '', said the Pentagon's announcement, `` we are taking normal precautionary actions to increase the readiness of our forces in the Pacific ''.
According to those beliefs events in our current life are consequences of actions taken in previous lives, or Karma.
Most do not enter the World to Come immediately, but now experience a period of review of their earthly actions and they are made aware of what they have done wrong.
The Bahá ' í writings also state there are distinctions between souls in the afterlife, and that souls will recognize the worth of their own deeds and understand the consequences of their actions.
The game is unusual in that no dice are used in resolving conflicts or player actions ; instead a simple diceless system of comparative ability, and narrative description of the action by the players and gamemaster, is used to determine how situations are resolved.
If the weight is suspended off the seabed it acts as a spring or shock absorber to dampen the sudden actions that are normally transmitted to the anchor and can cause it to dislodge and drag.
He first shows that it is clear that most events are deterministic, but human actions are more controversial.
However, commonly there are delays in regulatory and legislative actions to limit the use of antibacterials, attributable partly to resistance against such regulation by industries using or selling antibacterials, and to the time required for research to test causal links between antibacterial use and resistance.
Abzymes are potential tools in biotechnology, e. g., to perform specific actions on DNA.
Because of a change in balance, actions such as sitting, squatting, lunging or walking are often selected by the teacher.
Basic operations of an AVL tree involve carrying out the same actions as would be carried out on an unbalanced binary search tree, but modifications are preceded or followed by one or more operations called tree rotations, which help to restore the height balance of the subtrees.
Such interventive actions are carried out for a variety of reasons including ; aesthetic choices, Stabilization needs for structural integrity, or for cultural requirements for intangible continuity.
The actions involved in operating the piece are collectively called " serving the gun " or " detachment " by the gun crew, constituting either direct or indirect artillery fire.
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