At the same time, every device that can be employed to reduce the number of variables is of the greatest value, and it is one of the attractive features of dynamic programming that room is left for ingenuity in using the special features of the problem to this end.

In other words, like automation machines designed to work in tandem, they shared the same programming, a mutual understanding not only of English words, but of the four stresses, pitches, and junctures that can change their meaning from black to white.

Algorithms can be expressed in many kinds of notation, including natural languages, pseudocode, flowcharts, programming languages or control tables ( processed by interpreters ).

Structured programming, canonical structures: Per the Church-Turing thesis any algorithm can be computed by a model known to be Turing complete, and per Minsky's demonstrations Turing completeness requires only four instruction types — conditional GOTO, unconditional GOTO, assignment, HALT.

Such a description language can be based on any computer programming language, such as Lisp, Pascal, or Java Virtual Machine bytecode.

The term array is often used to mean array data type, a kind of data type provided by most high-level programming languages that consists of a collection of values or variables that can be selected by one or more indices computed at run-time.

Since algorithms are platform-independent ( i. e. a given algorithm can be implemented in an arbitrary programming language on an arbitrary computer running an arbitrary operating system ), there are significant drawbacks to using an empirical approach to gauge the comparative performance of a given set of algorithms.

Bootstrapping can also refer to the development of successively more complex, faster programming environments.

Using these tools, one can write a more complex text editor, and a simple compiler for a higher-level language and so on, until one can have a graphical IDE and an extremely high-level programming language.

Binary trees can be constructed from programming language primitives in several ways.

The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist who writes code for many kinds of software.

Since software can be designed using many different programming languages and in many different operating systems and operating environments, software standard is needed so that different software can understand and exchange information between each other.

Underlying computer programming concepts like quicksort, hashtable, array, and binary tree can be useful to creating software.

UTF-16 or UTF-32, which can be used for all languages as well, are less widely used because they can be harder to handle in programming languages that assume a byte-oriented ASCII superset encoding, and they are less efficient for text with a high frequency of ASCII characters, which is usually the case for HTML documents.

Complaints against broadcasters, such as concerns around offensive programming, are dealt with by the Canadian Broadcast Standards Council ( CBSC ), an independent broadcast industry association, rather than by the CRTC, although CBSC decisions can be appealed to the CRTC if necessary.

The goal of this policy is to create a market in which Canadian networks can realize revenue through advertising sales in spite of their inability to match the rates that the much larger American networks can afford to pay for syndicated programming.

Such a function, intuitively, represents a programming language with the property that no valid program can be obtained as a proper extension of another valid program.

Operations such as these, and even more elaborate operations can also be performed in computer music programming languages such as Max / MSP, SuperCollider, Csound, Pure Data ( Pd ), Keykit, and ChucK.

However, also available general-purpose DBMSs can often be used for such purpose, if they provide basic user-interfaces for straightforward database applications ( limited query and data display ; no real programming needed ), while still enjoying the database qualities and protections that these DBMSs can provide.

: An external interface can be either a user interface ( e. g., typically for a database administrator ), or an application programming interface ( API ) used for communication between an application program and the DBMS.

* Syntax analysis – a process in compilers that recognizes the structure of programming languages, also known as parsing

An applet typically also refers to Java applets, i. e., programs written in the Java programming language that are included in a web page.

There are also connections to string theory, game theory, graph matchings, solitons and integer programming.

Usually programming languages allowing n-based indexing also allow negative index values and other scalar data types like enumerations, or characters may be used as an array index.

The byte is also defined as a data type in certain programming languages.

He is also coauthor of the AWK and AMPL programming languages.

One who practices or professes a formal approach to programming may also be known as a programmer analyst.

Block structure was introduced into computer programming languages by the Algol project ( 1957 – 1960 ), which, as a consequence, also featured a context-free grammar to describe the resulting Algol syntax.

* The. NET Framework is built on the Common Language Runtime, Microsoft's commercial implementation of the CLI for desktop and server systems, and also encompasses a large collection of programming frameworks and libraries.

The language was an inter-service standard for British military programming, and was also widely adopted for civil purposes in the British control and automation industry.

FM radio programming, high-speed Internet, telephone service, and similar non-television services may also be provided through these cables.

Commercial advertisements for local business are also inserted in the programming at the headend ( the individual channels, which are distributed nationally, also have their own nationally oriented commercials ).

This series of calculators was also noted for a large number of highly counter-intuitive mysterious undocumented features, somewhat similar to " synthetic programming " of the American HP-41, which were exploited by applying normal arithmetic operations to error messages, jumping to non-existent addresses and other techniques.

Alexander's philosophy of incremental, organic, coherent design also influenced the extreme programming movement.

It also meant good programming productivity even in assembly language, as high level languages such as Fortran or Algol were not always available or appropriate ( microprocessors in this category are sometimes still programmed in assembly language for certain types of critical applications ).

This also typically requires the addition of some kind of query language, since conventional programming languages do not provide language-level functionality for finding objects based on their information content.

Modern languages also generally support modular programming, the separation between the interface of a library module and its implementation.

Full colour scanline based 64 × 192 " semi-graphics " modes are also possible, though their imbalanced resolution and programming difficulty ( they are not accessible via BASIC ) meant they were not often utilised.

It can also be scripted using the Python programming language.

The proliferation of computers also means the increase of programming and blogging.

This methodology was also called structured programming, the title of his 1972 book, coauthored with C. A. R.