Wage-price guideposts were established, and the power of the presidency was used to push businesses and labor into going along with these guideposts.

The model of this paper considers an industry which is not characterized by vigorous price competition, but which is so basic that its wage-price policies are held in check by continuous critical public scrutiny.

The industry of this model is so important that its wage and price policies are affected with a public interest.

The textile industry in Aarau broke down in about 1850 because of the protectionist tariff policies of neighboring states.

In the non-USSR annexed portion of Poland, less than a third of Poland's population voted in favor of massive communist land reforms and industry nationalizations in a policies referendum known as " 3 times YES " ( 3 razy TAK ; 3xTAK ), whereupon a second vote rigged election was held to get the desired result.

Nazi Germany similarly pursued an economic agenda with the aims of autarky and rearmament and imposed protectionist policies, including forcing the German steel industry to use lower-quality German iron ore rather than superior-quality imported iron.

Bismarck further won the support of both industry and skilled workers by his high tariff policies, which protected profits and wages from American competition, although they alienated the liberal intellectuals who wanted free trade.

Some industry sectors have policies, procedures, standards and guidelines that must be followed – the Payment Card Industry ( PCI ) Data Security Standard required by Visa and MasterCard is such an example.

For example, most insurance policies in the English language today have been carefully drafted in plain English ; the industry learned the hard way that many courts will not enforce policies against insureds when the judges themselves cannot understand what the policies are saying.

From a review of industry underwriting and marketing materials, court documents, and research by government agencies, industry and community groups, and academics, it is clear that race has long affected and continues to affect the policies and practices of the insurance industry.

Considered by the Left Communists as a retreat from socialist policies, NEP reintroduced money, allowed private ownership and capitalistic practices in agriculture, retail trade, and light industry while the state retained the control of heavy industry.

Romania entered the 1990s a relatively poor country by European standards, largely a result of the failed economic policies of Nicolae Ceauşescu in the 1970s and of the failures of privatization in Romania during the 1990s, which decreased the GDP by almost 50 % and ruined the industry because of corruption.

New government spending, regulation and policies helped the industry weather the global financial crisis better than many other sectors.

Gregory D. Squires wrote in 2003 that it is clear that race has long affected and continues to affect the policies and practices of the insurance industry.

Since its accession into the World Trade Organization and the subsequent trade liberalization, the government has implemented new policies to develop the sector into a more competitive and modernized green industry.

This support was a consequence, in part, of policies put in place by Communist Party personnel to rapidly promote members of the proletariat into leadership positions in agriculture, science and industry.

With the goal of building a strong nation that could fight future wars, Calhoun aggressively pushed for protective tariffs ( to build up industry ), a national bank, internal improvements ( such as canals and ports ), and other nationalist policies that he later repudiated.

This policy was a part ( some argue the foundation ) of what became known as the " Australian Settlement ' which promoted high wages, industrial development, government intervention in industry ( both as an owner-Australian governments traditionally owned banks and insurance companies and the railways and through policies designed to assist particular industries ) and decentralisation.

Discussing his administration's environmental policies, Lyndon Johnson suggested that " he air we breathe, our water, our soil and wildlife, are being blighted by poisons and chemicals which are the by-products of technology and industry.

The new coalition administration broke diplomatic ties with Cuba and implemented policies that favored local investors and foreign industry.

Our collective policies, group and national, are similarly based on voodoo, but here we often lack even the empirically successful rituals and are still engaged in determing them.

Within this frame of reference policies appropriate to claims advanced in the name of the Jews depend upon which Jewish identity is involved, as well as upon the nature of the claim, the characteristics of the claimant, the justifications proposed, and the predispositions of the community decision makers who are called upon to act.

Probably the most important of all matters for review are the broad administrative policies governing the purchase, assignment, use, and management of state vehicles.

But even he will not last indefinitely and the above-noted new arrangements are, quite simply, made to assure qualitative continuity in the Foundation's policies and practices.

Thus, although the agenda of external assistance in the economic sphere are cumulative, and many of the policies suggested for nations in the earlier stages remain relevant, the basic purpose of American economic policy during the later stages of development should be to assure that movement into a stage of self-sustaining growth is not prevented by lack of foreign exchange.

It is pertinent to ask the question: Has the long upswing of interest rates during the past 15 years just about run its course, and are we now entering a period in which both capital market forces and Federal policies will produce a prolonged decline of interest rates??

Educational policies are formed by several groups who are officially or unofficially appointed to act in the public interest.

In general, it appears that educational decisions and educational policies are made by people who intend to act in the interests of the society as a whole.

Angola-Israel relations, primarily based on trade and pro-United States foreign policies, are excellent.

# Utilitarianism, where the practical consequences of various policies are evaluated on the assumption that the right policy will be the one which results in the greatest happiness

All ARIN policies are set by the community.

The National Science Foundation approved the plan for the creation of the not-for-profit organization to " give the users of IP numbers ( mostly Internet service providers, corporations and other large institutions ) a voice in the policies by which they are managed and allocated within the North American region.

Lula's Workers ' Party tends to the statist nationalism side, although there are privatizing forces within his party and government, while Cardoso's Social Democratic Party tends to favor the international private market side by taking neoliberal policies.

Despite these constraints especially those deputies that are elected directly normally try to keep close contact with their constituents and to help them with their problems, particularly when they are related to federal policies or agencies.

Early understanding of the functioning of balance of trade informed the economic policies of Early Modern Europe that are grouped under the heading mercantilism.

In the 1980s, Milton Friedman, the Nobel Prize-winning economist and father of Monetarism, contended that some of the concerns of trade deficits are unfair criticisms in an attempt to push macroeconomic policies favorable to exporting industries.

This is the reason that judicial opinions are usually quite long, and give rationales and policies that can be balanced with judgment in future cases, rather than the bright-line rules usually embodied in statutes.

Under the influence of the Chicago Boys the Pinochet regime made of Chile a leading country in establishing neoliberal policies which are commonly attributed to have lifted the country to become one of the richest in Latin America.

Both the Federal Reserve and the ECB are composed of one or more central bodies that are responsible for the main decisions about interest rates and the size and type of open market operations, and several branches to execute its policies.

The City Purchasing Department, the jury said, `` is lacking in experienced clerical personnel as a result of city personnel policies ''.

With the beginning of the slow decline of the Ottoman Empire in the early 19th century, and as a result of the expansionist policies of Czarist Russia in the Caucasus, many Muslim nations and groups in that region, mainly Circassians, Tatars, Azeris, Lezgis, Chechens, and several Turkic groups left their ancestral homelands and settled in Anatolia.

Active support by the Museum for excavations in Egypt continued to result in useful acquisitions throughout the 20th century until changes in antiquities laws in Egypt led to the suspension of policies allowing finds to be exported.

As a result, under current CPC General Secretary and President Hu Jintao and Premier Wen Jiabao, the PRC has initiated policies to address these issues of equitable distribution of resources, but the outcome remains to be seen.

Nevertheless, millions of people were rehoused as a result of the Attlee government's housing policies.

Major international credit rating organizations have dropped Colombian sovereign debt below investment grade, primarily as a result of large fiscal deficits, which current policies are seeking to close.

Cobden believed that military expenditures worsened the welfare of the state and benefited a small but concentrated elite minority, summing up British imperialism, which he believed was the result of the economic restrictions of mercantilist policies.

According to Rummel, these were not cases of genocide because those who were killed were not selected on the basis of their race, but were killed in large numbers as a result of government policies.

It was characterized by East German psychoanalyst Hans-Joachim Maaz in 1990 as having produced a " Congested Feeling " among Germans in the East as a result of Communist policies criminalizing personal expression that deviates from government approved ideals, and through the enforcement of Communist principals by physical force and intellectual repression by government agencies, particularly the Stasi.

" No one can, without being grossly unfair, make divine Providence responsible for what clearly seems to be the result of misguided governmental policies, of an insufficient sense of social justice, of a selfish accumulation of material goods, and finally of a culpable failure to undertake those initiatives and responsibilities which would raise the standard of living of peoples and their children.

As a result, people may buy policies on unfavorable terms.

This is the result of the government's continued tight macroeconomic policies, which have been largely successful.

At the height of the strikes, nearly 30, 000, 000 working days were lost in Britain during 1979, but that had fallen dramatically to some 5, 000, 000 during 1981 as a result of the Thatcher government's union reform policies.

However, as a result of conservative fiscal policies and a sound financial system, in 2010 the country credit rating improved slightly to BB + and was kept at that level in 2011.

As a result of rapid urbanization and industrial growth policies under the communist regime, Mongolia's deteriorating environment has become a major concern.

As a result of Soviet policies the demographic situation changed dramatically with the arrival of Russian speaking settlers.

As a result, Francia's attacks on the elite and his state-socialist policies provoked little popular resistance.

In all, an estimated 1. 7 to 2. 5 million people ( out of a population of slightly over 8 million ) died as a result of the policies of his three-year premiership.

It controlled the other counties ' policies in a union, which led in 948 to the independence of Barcelona under Count Borrel II, who declared that the new dynasty in France ( the Capets ) were not the legitimate rulers of France nor, as a result, of his county.

As a result, in a political context socialism has come to refer to the strategy ( for achieving a socialist society ) or policies promoted by socialist organisations and socialist political parties ; all of which have no connection to socialism as a socioeconomic system.

Sri Lanka has a relatively high Human Development Index with a high literacy rate ( 90. 1 %) which are the result of universal education policies and widespread healthcare.

At the same time, tensions continued to grow as a result of Henry's domestic policies, in particular the high level of revenue he was raising to pay for his various wars.