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Washoe resistance to incursions on their lands proved futile, and the last armed conflict with the Washoes and non-Indians was the " Potato War " of 1857, when starving Washoes were killed for gathering potatoes from a European-American farm near Honey Lake in California.
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Washoe and on
Incline Village – Crystal Bay is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Washoe County, Nevada on the north shore of Lake Tahoe.
The researchers therefore questioned claims made on behalf of Washoe, and argued that the apparently impressive results may have amounted to nothing more than a " Clever Hans " effect, not to mention a relatively informal experimental approach.
She is well known for her comparative studies into the cognitive fundamentals of language and communication, and was one of the first to try to extend work on language learning in animals other than humans ( exemplified by the Washoe project ) to a bird species.
Washoe ( c. September 1965 Ellensburg – October 30, 2007 ) was a female chimpanzee who was the first non-human to learn to communicate using American Sign Language, as part of a research experiment on animal language acquisition.
When Washoe was five, the Gardners decided to move on to other projects, and she was moved to the University of Oklahoma's Institute of Primate Studies in Norman, Oklahoma, under the care of the Foutses.
While with Washoe, the Gardners and Fouts were careful to only communicate in ASL with Washoe, rather than using vocal communication, on the assumption that this would create a less confusing learning environment for Washoe.
At the time of observation, Washoe showed no signs of having learned the sign, but on a later occasion she reacted to the sight of a toothbrush by spontaneously producing the correct sign, thereby showing that she had in fact previously learned the ASL sign.
When new students came to work with Washoe, she would slow down her rate of signing for novice speakers of sign language, which had a humbling effect on many of them.
Washoe had lived at Central Washington University since 1980 ; on October 30, 2007, officials from the Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute on the CWU campus announced that she had died at the age of 42.
' OK but first clothes ' ( Washoe puts on jacket.
Winnemucca Lake, just east of Pyramid Lake in the northwestern portion of the U. S. state of Nevada is on the dividing line between Washoe County and Pershing County counties.
Derby Dam is a diversion dam on the Truckee River, located between Reno and Fernley in Storey and Washoe counties in the U. S. state of Nevada.
Washoe ( chimpanzee ) | Washoe, a female Common Chimpanzee | chimpanzee who was the first non-human to learn to communicate using American Sign Language, as part of a animal research | research experiment on animal language acquisition.
Gardner's brother, R. Allen Gardner, is a professor of comparative psychology at the University of Nevada, Reno and is famous for teaming with his wife on Project Washoe, the attempt to teach American Sign Language to a chimpanzee named Washoe.
Loss of the valley hunting grounds to farms and the Piñon pine groves to feed Virginia City's demand for lumber and charcoal drove most Washoe to dependency on jobs in white ranches, farms and cities.
The Washo language ( Washo: wá: šiw ʔítlu ) ( also Washoe ) is an endangered Native American language isolate spoken by the Washo on the California – Nevada border in the drainages of the Truckee and Carson Rivers, especially around Lake Tahoe.
Film locations included the Washoe County Court House on Virginia Street and Quail Canyon, near Pyramid Lake.
* Bethel AME Church ( Reno, Nevada ), listed on the NRHP in Washoe County
Dr. McQueen served on the Washoe County School District Board of Trustees from 1969 – 1990, during which the district built several new schools, including Reed and McQueen.
Washoe and their
* The Virginia Street Bridge in Reno, Nevada, known for being the place where newly-divorced women coming from the Washoe County Courthouse would toss their wedding rings into the Truckee River.
Fouts later reported, however, that a community of ASL-speaking chimpanzees ( including Washoe herself ) was spontaneously using this language as a part of their internal communication system.
This point of view has been strongly argued by Irene Pepperberg in relation to her studies of parrots ( Alex ), and by Allen and Beatrix Gardner in their study of the chimpanzee Washoe.
Washoe and last
Washoe people have lived in the Great Basin for at least the last 6000 years.
Washoe and conflict
The Washoe people and the neighboring Northern Paiute people were culturally and linguistically very different, and they sometimes came into conflict.
Washoe and with
Today, those surrounding towns are almost completely gone, with only a few houses and a quilt shop marking Washoe, currently the largest of them.
Washoe was given affection and participated in everyday social activity with her adoptive family.
Washoe lived 24 hours a day with her human family from birth ; Nim at 2 weeks old was raised by a family in a home environment by human surrogate parents to see if he could refute Noam Chomsky's thesis that language is inherent only in humans.
Sebeok also made pointed comparisons of Washoe with Clever Hans.
Terrace's skeptical approach to the claims that chimpanzees could learn and understand sign language led to heated disputes with Allen and Beatrix Gardner, who initiated the Washoe Project.
Relations with the Washoe people, who were culturally and linguistically very different, were not so peaceful.
Washoe had her own 8 x 24 foot trailer complete with living and cooking areas.
Washoe and her mates were able to combine the hundreds of signs that they learned into novel combinations ( that they had never been taught, but rather created themselves ) with different meanings.
Washoe greeted Kat < nowiki > caretaker </ nowiki > in just this way when she finally returned to work with the chimps.
Washoe also enjoyed playing pretend with her dolls, which she would bathe and talk to and would act out imaginary scenarios.
Some believe that the fact that Washoe not only communicated, but also formed close and personal relationships with humans indicates that she is emotionally sensitive and is deserving of moral status.
Work with Washoe and other signing primates motivated the foundation of the Great Ape Project, which hopes to " include the non-human great apes < nowiki > orangutans, and gorillas </ nowiki > within the community of equals by granting them the basic moral and legal protections that only humans currently enjoy ", in order to place them in the moral category of " persons " rather than private property.
Enculturated apes Kanzi, Washoe, Sarah and a few others who underwent extensive language training programs ( with the use of gestures and other visual forms of communications ) successfully learned to answer quite complex questions and requests ( including question words " who " what ", " where "), although so far they failed to learn how to ask questions themselves.
So when two botanists from California found a distinct tree in western Nevada in 1948 with some marked differences from the Ponderosa Pine they were familiar with in California, they described it as a new species, Washoe Pine, Pinus washoensis.
Prior to contact with Europeans, the territory of the Washoe people was roughly bounded by the southern shore of Honey Lake in the north, the west fork of the Walker River in the south, the Sierra Nevada crest in the west, and the first range east of the Sierra Nevada in the east.
Washoe and was
The land comprising the modern state was inhabited by Native Americans of the Paiute, Shoshone, and Washoe tribes prior to European contact.
* The university was home to the signing chimpanzee Washoe from 1980 until her death in October 2007 ; from 1993 at the university's Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute.
Washoe County was created in 1861 as one of the original nine counties of the Nevada Territory.
Washoe City was the first county seat in 1861 and was replaced by Reno in 1871.
In 2010, there was a ballot question asking whether the Reno city government and the Washoe County government should become one combined governmental body.
The area around Lake Tahoe was originally inhabited by the Washoe tribe of Native Americans.
Lake Tahoe was the center and heart of Washoe Indian territory, including the upper valleys of the Walker, Carson and Truckee Rivers.
R. Allen and Beatrix Gardner made a similar earlier study, called Project Washoe, in which another chimpanzee was raised like a human child.
Project Nim was an attempt to go further than Project Washoe.
Terrace, however, was skeptical of Project Washoe and, according to the critics, went to great lengths to discredit it.
Roger Fouts, of the Washoe Project, also claims that Project Nim was poorly conducted because it did not use strong enough methodology to avoid such comparisons and efficiently defend against them.
In 1994, a Washoe County elementary school was named in Winnemucca's honor.
Mills Bee Lane III ( born November 12, 1936 ) is a retired boxing referee, a former boxer, was a two-term Washoe County District Court Judge, and television personality.
* Washoe ( chimpanzee ) -- a chimpanzee that was taught by humans to speak in American Sign Language
* Before it was made a Territory, Nevada was popularly known as Washoe
Washoe was born in West Africa in 1965.
Washoe was named for Washoe County, Nevada, where she was raised and taught to use ASL.
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