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Washoe and was
The land comprising the modern state was inhabited by Native Americans of the Paiute, Shoshone, and Washoe tribes prior to European contact.
* The university was home to the signing chimpanzee Washoe from 1980 until her death in October 2007 ; from 1993 at the university's Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute.
Washoe County was created in 1861 as one of the original nine counties of the Nevada Territory.
Washoe City was the first county seat in 1861 and was replaced by Reno in 1871.
In 2010, there was a ballot question asking whether the Reno city government and the Washoe County government should become one combined governmental body.
The area around Lake Tahoe was originally inhabited by the Washoe tribe of Native Americans.
Lake Tahoe was the center and heart of Washoe Indian territory, including the upper valleys of the Walker, Carson and Truckee Rivers.
R. Allen and Beatrix Gardner made a similar earlier study, called Project Washoe, in which another chimpanzee was raised like a human child.
Washoe lived 24 hours a day with her human family from birth ; Nim at 2 weeks old was raised by a family in a home environment by human surrogate parents to see if he could refute Noam Chomsky's thesis that language is inherent only in humans.
Project Nim was an attempt to go further than Project Washoe.
Terrace, however, was skeptical of Project Washoe and, according to the critics, went to great lengths to discredit it.
Roger Fouts, of the Washoe Project, also claims that Project Nim was poorly conducted because it did not use strong enough methodology to avoid such comparisons and efficiently defend against them.
Fouts later reported, however, that a community of ASL-speaking chimpanzees ( including Washoe herself ) was spontaneously using this language as a part of their internal communication system.
In 1994, a Washoe County elementary school was named in Winnemucca's honor.
Mills Bee Lane III ( born November 12, 1936 ) is a retired boxing referee, a former boxer, was a two-term Washoe County District Court Judge, and television personality.
She is well known for her comparative studies into the cognitive fundamentals of language and communication, and was one of the first to try to extend work on language learning in animals other than humans ( exemplified by the Washoe project ) to a bird species.
* Washoe ( chimpanzee ) -- a chimpanzee that was taught by humans to speak in American Sign Language
* Before it was made a Territory, Nevada was popularly known as Washoe
Washoe ( c. September 1965 Ellensburg – October 30, 2007 ) was a female chimpanzee who was the first non-human to learn to communicate using American Sign Language, as part of a research experiment on animal language acquisition.
Washoe was born in West Africa in 1965.
Washoe was named for Washoe County, Nevada, where she was raised and taught to use ASL.

Washoe and with
Today, those surrounding towns are almost completely gone, with only a few houses and a quilt shop marking Washoe, currently the largest of them.
Sebeok also made pointed comparisons of Washoe with Clever Hans.
Terrace's skeptical approach to the claims that chimpanzees could learn and understand sign language led to heated disputes with Allen and Beatrix Gardner, who initiated the Washoe Project.
Relations with the Washoe people, who were culturally and linguistically very different, were not so peaceful.
Washoe had her own 8 x 24 foot trailer complete with living and cooking areas.
While with Washoe, the Gardners and Fouts were careful to only communicate in ASL with Washoe, rather than using vocal communication, on the assumption that this would create a less confusing learning environment for Washoe.
Washoe and her mates were able to combine the hundreds of signs that they learned into novel combinations ( that they had never been taught, but rather created themselves ) with different meanings.
Washoe greeted Kat < nowiki > caretaker </ nowiki > in just this way when she finally returned to work with the chimps.
Washoe also enjoyed playing pretend with her dolls, which she would bathe and talk to and would act out imaginary scenarios.
When new students came to work with Washoe, she would slow down her rate of signing for novice speakers of sign language, which had a humbling effect on many of them.
Some believe that the fact that Washoe not only communicated, but also formed close and personal relationships with humans indicates that she is emotionally sensitive and is deserving of moral status.
Work with Washoe and other signing primates motivated the foundation of the Great Ape Project, which hopes to " include the non-human great apes < nowiki > orangutans, and gorillas </ nowiki > within the community of equals by granting them the basic moral and legal protections that only humans currently enjoy ", in order to place them in the moral category of " persons " rather than private property.
Gardner's brother, R. Allen Gardner, is a professor of comparative psychology at the University of Nevada, Reno and is famous for teaming with his wife on Project Washoe, the attempt to teach American Sign Language to a chimpanzee named Washoe.
Enculturated apes Kanzi, Washoe, Sarah and a few others who underwent extensive language training programs ( with the use of gestures and other visual forms of communications ) successfully learned to answer quite complex questions and requests ( including question words " who " what ", " where "), although so far they failed to learn how to ask questions themselves.
So when two botanists from California found a distinct tree in western Nevada in 1948 with some marked differences from the Ponderosa Pine they were familiar with in California, they described it as a new species, Washoe Pine, Pinus washoensis.
Prior to contact with Europeans, the territory of the Washoe people was roughly bounded by the southern shore of Honey Lake in the north, the west fork of the Walker River in the south, the Sierra Nevada crest in the west, and the first range east of the Sierra Nevada in the east.

Washoe and her
Washoe was raised in an environment as close as possible to that of a human child, in an attempt to satisfy her psychological need for companionship.
After the first couple of years of the language project, the Gardners and Roger Fouts discovered that Washoe could pick up ASL gestures without operant conditioning methods by observing humans around her that were signing amongst themselves.
Kat made her apologies to Washoe, then decided to tell her the truth, signing " MY BABY DIED.
" Washoe stared at her, then looked down.
) Kat later remarked that that one sign told her more about Washoe and her mental capabilities than all her longer, grammatically perfect sentences.
This point of view has been strongly argued by Irene Pepperberg in relation to her studies of parrots ( Alex ), and by Allen and Beatrix Gardner in their study of the chimpanzee Washoe.

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