Egbert appears to have been independent of Mercia from the beginning of his reign, and Wessex's independence meant that Coenwulf was never able to claim the overlordship of the southern English that had belonged to Offa and Æthelbald.

Alfred's military reorganisation of Wessex consisted of three elements: the building of thirty fortified and garrisoned towns ( burhs ) along the rivers and Roman roads of Wessex ; the creation of a mobile ( horsed ) field force, consisting of his nobles and their warrior retainers, which was divided into two contingents, one of which was always in the field ; and the enhancement of Wessex's seapower through the addition of larger ships to the existing royal fleet.

However, upon HRH The Earl of Wessex's marriage in 1999, it was announced that his children would be styled as an earl's children.

: A more recent example of the above is with the Earl of Wessex's son, James, who is styled Viscount Severn.

By the end of Ine's reign the kingdoms of Kent, Sussex and Essex were no longer under West Saxon domination ; however, Ine maintained control of what is now Hampshire, and consolidated and extended Wessex's territory in the western peninsula.

In contrast, when Sophie Rhys-Jones married Prince Edward, she became HRH The Princess Edward, Countess of Wessex (& c .) and automatically acquired an HRH, by virtue of her marriage to a royal prince who was the son of the British monarch ; as only those males in the Royal Line of Succession receive Royal titles and styles unless there is special dispensation from the Monarch for special courtesy titles i. e. that of Viscount Severn for HRH The Earl of Wessex's son, Prince James ; as the British Monarchy operates on the basis of a male primogeniture ; i. e. one whereby males have preference over females in succeeding to the peerage or title.

The Britons in Dumnonia were cut off from their allies in Wales by Ceawlin of Wessex's victory at Dyrham in 577, but as sea travel was easier than travel by land, the blow may not have been severe ; principal trade routes were apparently maintained via the sea ports of neighbouring Brittany, a small semi-autonomous duchy until 1532.

The two kingdoms often fought, but it appears that Æthelbald of Mercia was Wessex's overlord, and that he compelled Cuthred to join him in fighting the Welsh in 743.

Geoffrey Day, Fancy's father, the gamekeeper and steward at one of the Earl of Wessex's outlying estates.

While bishop, he contributed to King Ine of Wessex's law code, and is mentioned specifically in the code as a contributor.

Through Victoria, as well as several other of her great-great-grandparents, Elizabeth is directly descended from many British royals: from the House of Stuart, from Mary, Queen of Scots ; Robert the Bruce, and earlier Scottish royal houses ; from the House of Tudor, and earlier English royal houses stretching back as far as the 7th century House of Wessex: one member of Wessex being Aethelflaed of Wessex's younger sister, Elfthryth.

The Revolution represented the most significant and dramatic challenge to political absolutism up to that point in history and, despite its failures, spread democratic ideals throughout Europe and ultimately the world.

Goebbels concluded that " Two thousand years of Western history are in danger ," and he blamed Germany's failures on the Jews.

The psychiatric history frequently contains multiple previous diagnoses of various disorders and treatment failures.

The result is often cited as one of the worst video games released and was one of the biggest commercial failures in video gaming history.

The course of history is apparently toward the ever-increasing actualization of freedom ; each successive historical epoch corrects certain failures of the earlier ones.

In the narrower sense of the term, a family history is a biography of a single family over several generations, based on a tested genealogy and fleshed out with the fuller story of the family's place in society, the dramas of its achievements or failures and its acquisition or loss of wealth and rank.

In the field of databases in computer science, a transaction log ( also transaction journal, database log, binary log or audit trail ) is a history of actions executed by a database management system to guarantee ACID properties over crashes or hardware failures.

The movie is considered one of the biggest financial failures in Hollywood history.

His critics have suggested that Fomenko's version of history appealed to the Russian reading public by keeping alive an imperial consciousness to replace their disillusionment with the failures of Communism and post-Communist corporate oligarchies.

Further, the history of popular music shows nearly as many remarkable failures to chart as it does impressive charting histories.

The collapse of the St. Francis Dam is considered to be one of the worst American civil engineering failures of the 20th century and remains the second-greatest loss of life in California's history, after the 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and fire.

In the book Last Night A DJ Saved My Life: the history of the DJ, the authors describe northern soul as " a genre built from failures ", stating: "... Northern Soul was the music made by hundreds of singers and bands who were copying the Detroit sound of Motown pop.

There were only two attempts in the whole of Ottoman history to unseat the ruling Osmanlı dynasty, both failures, which is suggestive of a political system which for an extended period was able to manage its revolutions without unnecessary instability.

Juniper's acquisitions history is a mix of successes and failures.

The Deuteronomistic history explains Israel's successes and failures as the result of faithfulness, which brings success, or disobedience, which brings failure ; the destruction of Israel by the Assyrians ( 721 BCE ) and Judah by the Babylonians ( 586 ) are Yahweh's punishment for continued sinfulness.

According to The New York Times, it was " one of the costliest failures in Broadway history ", losing roughly $ 12 million, easily eclipsing the infamous musical Carrie.

Chicago Motor Speedway has often been known as one of the largest failures in auto racing history in the United States.

The film — British cinema's first attempt at a Technicolor musical extravaganza — is notable as being one of the biggest critical and commercial failures in that country's film history.

From a statistical point of view, those fourteen failures to pre-qualify make Langes the least successful driver in the history of Formula One.

In an article entitled " Neither Denial nor Forgetfulness Will Free Us " first published in the Frankfurter Rundschau on December 1, 1986, Mommsen argued that Historikerstreit was a result of the failures of modern society Mommsen argued that in the prosperous 1950s-60s, most Germans were happy to forget about their recent past, and looked forward to a brighter future Starting with the oil shock of the early 1970s and the rise of fundamentalist Islam in the late 1970s, Mommsen argued that the idea of a progressively better future was discredited, leading to a pessimistic public mood, and the a renewed interest in history This had occurred in tandem in a period when German historians had started to make a more critical examination of their recent past As a result at the precise mood when public demanded a past that could make them feel good about being Germans, German historians came under attack for not writing the sort of history the public wanted Mommsen argued that the work of those like Ernst Nolte was intended to provide the sort of history that would allow Germans feel good about being Germans by engaging in “… an explanatory strategy that … will be seen as a justification of National Socialist crimes by all those who are still under the influence of the extreme anti-Soviet propaganda of National Socialism " Mommsen charged that Ernst Nolte was attempting to egregiously whitewash the German past.

The " Jack " format experiment at WCBS-FM is widely regarded, inside and outside the industry, as one of the greatest failures in modern New York radio history, as the station fell to the very bottom of the ratings of full-market-coverage FM stations in the New York market.

After his defeat, the Phantom Stranger reveals that this has changed history, and previous Shadowpacts are no longer remembered as failures.

The Chinese tradition since the Jin Dynasty ( 3rd century AD ) that emperors of one dynasty would sponsor the writing of the official history of the immediately preceding dynasty has been cited in favor of an ethnically inclusive interpretation of history.

If the individual is concerned with events preceding written history, the individual is a historian of prehistory.

In 1992 Latvia experienced the driest summer in recorded weather history, but unusually heavy rains in the preceding spring kept crop damage below the extent expected.

* 2000 – Lansing's population experiences its greatest drop in its history, falling over 6 % over the preceding decade to 119, 128.

This incident was one of the first recorded transgender riots in United States history, preceding the more famous 1969 Stonewall Riots in New York City by three years.

By the end of the century, more technological advances had been made than in all of preceding history.

The history of Australia refers to the history of the area and people of the Commonwealth of Australia and its preceding Indigenous and colonial societies.

The other preceding 16 councils either went out of business or merged with another Council at some point in their history.

Modern historians regard it as a dividing line in the Irish historical narrative, referring to the preceding period of Irish history as " pre-Famine.

" Albright was not, however, a biblical literalist ; his Yahweh and the Gods of Canaan, for example, putting forward the view that the religion of the Israelites had evolved from polytheism to a monotheism that saw God acting in history — a view fully in accordance with the documentary hypothesis and the mainstream opinions of the preceding two centuries of biblical criticism.

The, was a period in the history of Japan lasting from 538 to 710 ( or 592-645 ), although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period.

In the late Middle Ages and Early Renaissance, there was a wide general acceptance of the origin of the True Cross and its history preceding the Crucifixion, as recorded by Voragine.

The second largest stock market crash ( percentage-wise ) in United States history occurred in 1987, preceding another recession.

It develops only in patients who live in or travel to an endemic area or receive a contaminated blood transfusion within the preceding 9 weeks, so this aspect of the medical history is vital.

* Seymour Medal: best book of baseball history or biography published during the preceding calendar year.

* McFarland-SABR Baseball Research Award: for authors of the best articles on baseball history or biography completed during the preceding calendar year ( published or unpublished ).

The period of the 11th and 12th centuries was one of consolidation, preceding the most momentous era in Mongol history, the era of Genghis Khan.

In his will, the Aga Khan III explained the rationale for choosing his eldest grandson as his successor ( which marked the first time in the claimed history of the Nizari Ismaili chain of Imamat that a grandson of the preceding Imam – instead of one of the sons of the preceding Imam – was made the next Imam ):

During the period of liberalization preceding the July Theses, literature was allowed to make several references to the Canal's penitentiary history.

While all three of the shogunates in Japanese history had official retainers, in the two preceding ones, they were referred to as gokenin.

In the history of many languages, for example French and Japanese, front vowels have altered preceding velar or alveolar consonants, bringing their place of articulation towards palatal or postalveolar.