Over the years, several linguists have suggested a link between Niger – Congo and Nilo-Saharan, probably starting with Westermann's comparative work on the ' Sudanic ' family in which ' Eastern Sudanic ' ( now classified as Nilo-Saharan ) and ' Western Sudanic ' ( now classified as Niger – Congo ) were united.

Joseph Greenberg took Westermann's work as a starting-point for his own classification.

Westermann's 1911 Die Sudanic languages | Sudansprachen. Diedrich Hermann Westermann ( June 24, 1875 – May 31, 1956 ) was a German missionary, Africanist, and linguist.

Westermann's 1911 Die Sudansprachen.

Westermann's 1911 Die Sudansprachen.

In 1950 Greenberg retained Eastern Sudanic and Central Sudanic as separate families, but accepted Westermann's conclusions of four decades earlier in 1954 when he linked them together as Macro-Sudanic ( later Chari – Nile, from the Chari and Nile watersheds ).

In a series of articles published between 1949 and 1954, he argued that Westermann's ' West Sudanic ' and Bantu formed a single genetic family, which he named Niger – Congo ; that Bantu constituted a subgroup of the Benue – Congo branch ; that Adamawa – Eastern, previously not considered to be related, was another member of this family ; and that Fula belonged to the West Atlantic languages.

His Niger – Congo family was substantially foreshadowed by Westermann's " Western Sudanic ", but he changed the subclassification, including Fulani ( as West Atlantic ) and the newly postulated Adamawa – Eastern, excluding Songhai, and classifying Bantu as merely a subfamily of Benue – Congo ( previously termed " Semi-Bantu ").

Also, the sources like Westermann's report contain the exact data about the number of deported persons, but only estimates of the numbers of those who died in transit, the fact which also hints that they were included in the final sum, because it would be hard for the authorities in Bełżec to learn the exact number of those murdered, excluding the dead in transport.

In 1859, he became editor of the Zeitung für Norddeutschland ( Newspaper for Northern Germany ) in Hannover, and then, in 1862, moved to Berlin where he later edited Westermanns illustrirte deutsche Monatshefte ( Westermann's Illustrated German Monthly ) 1878-84.

In addition, little work has been done on a comparative basis in regard to the normal existence of bronchial artery-pulmonary artery anastomoses.

Biruni's tradition of comparative cross-cultural study continued in the Muslim world through to Ibn Khaldun's work in the fourteenth century.

Although Tylor undertook a field trip to Mexico, both he and Frazer derived most of the material for their comparative studies through extensive reading, not fieldwork, mainly the Classics ( literature and history of Greece and Rome ), the work of the early European folklorists, and reports from missionaries, travelers, and contemporaneous ethnologists.

John Miles Foley held, specifically with reference to the Beowulf debate, that while comparative work was both necessary and valid, it must be conducted with a view to the particularities of a given tradition ; Foley argued with a view to developments of oral traditional theory that do not assume, or depend upon, finally unverifiable assumptions about composition, and that discard the oral / literate dichotomy focused on composition in favor of a more fluid continuum of traditionality and textuality.

A most prolific writer, he published a string of grammars, several dictionaries, comparative work, and a history of Bantu linguistics.

His most notable work was developing comparative grammar studies of the Bantu languages, building on the pioneering work of Wilhelm Bleek.

The English word Dravidian was first employed by Robert Caldwell in his book of comparative Dravidian grammar based on the usage of the Sanskrit word in the work Tantravārttika by ( Zvelebil 1990 p. xx ).

Haeckel's work and the ensuing controversy linked the fields of developmental biology and comparative anatomy into comparative embryology.

Although Haeckel stressed comparative embryology and Gegenbaur promoted the comparison of adult structures, both believed that the two methods could work in conjunction to produce the goal of evolutionary morphology.

Franz Bopp ( September 14, 1791, Mainz – October 23, 1867, Berlin ) was a German linguist known for extensive comparative work on Indo-European languages.

In grateful recognition of that fact, on the fiftieth anniversary ( May 16, 1866 ) of the date of Windischmann's preface to that work, a fund called Die Bopp-Stiftung, for the promotion of the study of Sanskrit and comparative grammar, was established at Berlin, to which liberal contributions were made by his numerous pupils and admirers in all parts of the globe.

The success of the work bears comparison with his achievements in opera, but his comparative silence during the period from 1832 to his death in 1868 makes his biography appear almost like the narrative of two lives — the life of swift triumph and the long life of seclusion, of which biographers give us pictures in stories of the composer's cynical wit, his speculations in fish culture, his mask of humility and indifference.

In the United States, the outsourcing of labour to Asia, Latin America, and Africa has been partially driven by increasing costs of union partnership, which gives other countries a comparative advantage in labour, making it more efficient to perform labour-intensive work there.

In his textbooks he selected Indo-European examples that supported the key Neogrammarian hypothesis of the regularity of sound change, and emphasized a sequence of steps essential to success in comparative work: ( a ) appropriate data in the form of texts which must be studied intensively and analysed ; ( b ) application of the comparative method ; ( c ) reconstruction of proto-forms.

Bloomfield ’ s work on Algonquian languages had both descriptive and comparative components.

Bloomfield used the materials collected in his descriptive work to undertake comparative studies leading to the reconstruction of Proto-Algonquian, with an early study reconstructing the sound system of Proto-Algonqian, and a subsequent more extensive paper refining his phonological analysis and adding extensive historical information on general features of Algonquian grammar.

Another reason for Weber's decision was that Troeltsch's work already achieved what he desired in that area: laying the groundwork for a comparative analysis of religion and society.

Subsequent work of Bleek, and some decades later the comparative work of Meinhof, solidly established Bantu as a linguistic unit.

On the other hand, Stewart in recent comparative work reconstructs a seven vowel system for his proto-Potou-Akanic-Bantu.

Having originated amongst the disciplines of comparative literature, literary criticism and culture studies, postmodernist thinking had begun to develop within archaeology.

His last project, begun in 1795, was A comparative anatomical exposition of the structure of the human body with that of a tiger and a common fowl, fifteen engravings from which appeared between 1804 and 1806.

Hashmi had begun to deal with such ( what then appeared, or as he termed, hypothetical ) questions a quarter century earlier than anyone else, offering sharp canonical analysis and effectively arguing for a " comparative " aesthetic to foster humane cultural norms.

In the United States, resuming an interest in comparative constitutional systems that Kasparek had begun in law school, he wrote a doctoral thesis that became the book, The Constitutions of Poland and of the United States.

Leah Goldberg (; May 29, 1911, Königsberg – January 15, 1970, Jerusalem ) was a prolific Hebrew-language poet, author, playwright, literary translator, and comparative literary researcher.

He served as professor of comparative literature at Columbia University from 1899 to 1911.

States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China is a 1979 book by political scientist and sociologist Theda Skocpol, published by Cambridge University Press and explaining the causes of revolutions through the structural functionalism sociological paradigm comparative historical analysis of the French Revolution of 1787 through the early 19th century French Revolution, the Russian Revolution of 1917 through the 1930s Russian Revolution and the Chinese Revolution of 1911 through the 1960s Cultural Revolution.

Four volumes of his comparative dictionary of Turkic languages followed in 1893 to 1911.

In a study for The Guttmacher Institute, researchers found that from a comparative perspective, however, teenage pregnancy rates in the United States are less nuanced than one might initially assume.

However, he initially tried to be too aggressive and, according to Wisden, " he had a brief spell of comparative failure, due to a little overeagerness and overconfidence ".

FluMist was initially priced higher than the injectable vaccines, but sold only 500, 000 of the 4 million doses it produced its first year on the market, despite a comparative shortage of flu vaccine in fall 2004.

The Western comparative method was brought into China by Bernard Karlgren, the first scholar to reconstruct Middle Chinese and Old Chinese with Latin alphabet ( not IPA ).

Jackson Township contains considerable prairie land, and the first immigrants, at a time when their choice was unrestricted, naturally selected the rich, fertile soil there, because of the comparative ease with which it was brought under cultivation.

* Hybridization is extremely frequent in Galloanserae, and genera, not usually known to produce viable hybrids in birds, can be brought to interbreed with comparative ease.

The emerging discipline of geology also brought natural history and natural philosophy closer together ; Georges Cuvier and others made great strides in comparative anatomy and paleontology in the late 1790s and early 19th century.

In it, for the first time, the results of human and comparative anatomy, as well as of chemistry and other departments of physical science, and tools like the microscope, were brought to bear on the investigation of physiological problems.

He brought the club comparative success in the Copa del Rey and UEFA Cup, and the team's attacking style brought plaudits.

Holm ( 2004 ) states that, in the absence of " valid comparative data " on the effect of infant circumcision on adult sexual function and satisfaction, " the circumcision debate cannot be brought to a satisfactory conclusion, and there will always be a lingering suspicion that the sometimes rather strident opposition to circumcision is partly driven by cultural prejudices, dressed up as ethical arguments.

Early next day, in misty weather, he dragged him through the German wire, within spitting distance from the Germans, and, leaving him in a place of comparative safety, returned and brought in two wounded Gurkhas, one after the other.

In Cabell's later years Figures of Earth fell, like most of his other works, into comparative neglect, but two paperback reissues in 1969 and 1971, with introductions by Lin Carter and James Blish respectively, brought it back into circulation.

The tenant of the theatre Johann Koháry came into financial difficulties in 1773, he got in 1773 Joseph Keglevich as a curator to his side, the director of the theatre Wenzel Sporck, who was the great nephew of Franz Anton Sporck, who had brought the french horn and Antonio Vivaldi to Prague, got a committee for financing under the chairman Franz Keglevich as his assistance in 1773 and Karl Keglevich became the director of the Theater am Kärntnertor in 1773 to have comparative figures.

Wrote Marko Zivkovic in the Anthropology of East Europe Review, " Cajkanovic was one who brought the latest philosophical, historical, ethnographic and comparative methodologies of inter war Europe to bear on his life project of reconstructing from the pre-Christian, pagan Serbian mythology and religions.

Voltaire brought the subject up in his Essay on the Manner and Spirit of Nations and on the Principal Occurrences in History in 1756 ( which was an early work of comparative history ).

In English, it may be the competition of the-er agentive suffix which has brought about this drift, i. e. the eventual loss of the Germanic comparative system in favor of the newer system calqued on French.