When at last successful, he was excommunicated by Pope Callixtus II for having expelled the monks of Saint-Gilles, who had aided his enemies.

When Angelo Cardinal Roncalli was elected and became Pope John, there was some confusion as to whether he would be John XXIII or John XXIV ; he then declared that he was John XXIII to put this question to rest.

When Pope John XXIII abolished the limit, he began to add new churches to the list, which Popes Paul VI and John Paul II continued to do.

When announcing Vatican II, Pope John XXIII stated that the precepts of the Council of Trent continue to the modern day, a position that was reaffirmed by Pope Paul VI.

" When the Frankish bishops still insisted the abbot was wrong in obedience to St. Patrick's canon, he laid the question before the Pope St. Gregory I.

When Pope Clement VII refused to annul the marriage, Henry defied him by assuming supremacy over religious matters.

When reports of this reached the Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark, Pope Saint Cyril I of Alexandria acted quickly to correct this breach with orthodoxy, requesting that Nestorius repent.

When in AD 451, Emperor Marcianus attempted to heal divisions in the Church, the response of Pope Dioscorus – the Pope of Alexandria who was later exiled – was that the emperor should not intervene in the affairs of the Church.

When Pope Innocent III came to power in 1198, he was resolved to deal with them.

When Portuguese explorers first came into contact with the Japanese ( see Nanban period ), they described Japanese conditions in analogy, likening the Emperor, with great symbolic authority but little political power, to the Pope, and the Shogun to secular European rulers, e. g. the Holy Roman Emperor.

He returned to work for the Florentine government in 1365, undertaking a mission to Pope Urban V. When the papacy returned to Rome from Avignon in 1367, Boccaccio was again sent to Urban, offering congratulations.

When defining the dogma in Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime.

When the Archbishop of Canterbury, Hubert Walter, died on 13 July 1205, John became involved in a dispute with Pope Innocent III that would lead to the king's excommunication.

When Rodrigo became Pope Alexander VI he sought to be allied with powerful princely families and founding dynasties of Italy.

When the Pope passed them, Ağca fired several shots and wounded him, but was grabbed by spectators and Vatican security chief Camillo Cibin and prevented from finishing the assassination or escaping.

When the Pope died on April 2, 2005, Ağca's brother Adnan gave an interview in which he said that Ağca and his entire family were grieving, and that the Pope had been a great friend to them.

When the Venetians called for help in Crete against the Ottoman Turks, the Pope extracted in return a promise that the Jesuits should be permitted back in Venetian territory, from which they had been expelled in 1606.

When John's body was moved, the original vault above the floor was removed and a new one built beneath the ground ; it was here that the body of Pope John Paul II was entombed from 2005 to 2011 before being moved for his beatification in 2011.

" He had previously been quoted as saying: " When today the Pope dies, you'll get another one tomorrow, because the Church continues.

When the council ended in September 681 the decrees were sent to the Pope, but Agatho had died in January.

When Pope Liberius was banished by Emperor Constantius II to Berea in 354, Damasus was archdeacon of the Roman church and followed Liberius into exile, though he immediately returned to Rome.

When Martin IV died on 28 March 1285, at Perugia, Cardinal Savelli was unanimously elected Pope on 20 May and took the name of Honorius IV.

When this threat failed, Innocent excommunicated the king in November 1209.

In the 1991 book Presumed Guilty: When Innocent People Are Wrongly Convicted, author Martin Yant discusses the use of coercion in plea bargaining.

When Innocent X died, Chigi, the candidate favoured by Spain, was elected pope after eighty days in the conclave, on 7 April 1655, taking the name of Alexander VII.

When Pope Innocent III called for a crusade against the Albigensians or Cathars, in 1208, Philip did nothing to support it, but neither did he stop his nobles from joining.

Waits found himself in a situation similar to his earlier one with Frito Lay in 2000 when Audi approached him, asking to use " Innocent When You Dream " ( from Franks Wild Years ) for a commercial broadcast in Spain.

Waits was later quoted as jokingly saying the company got the name of the song wrong, thinking it was called " Innocent When You Scheme ".

When Innocent III's diplomatic attempts to roll back Catharism met with little success and after the murder of the papal legate, Pierre de Castelnau, Innocent III declared a crusade against Languedoc, offering the lands of the Cathar " heretics " to any French nobleman willing to take up arms.

When Innocent III effectively abolished Ordeal in 1215 England was not faced with the same predicament as continental Europe to find a new criminal procedure and a new mode of proof.

When John made his peace with Innocent, Eustace was allowed to return to England, and it was Eustace who formally lifted the excommuication of John on 2 July 1214.

They included " Sweet and Innocent " ( Billboard No. 7 ), " Go Away Little Girl " ( Billboard No. 1 ), " Hey Girl "/" I Knew You When " ( Billboard No. 9 ), and " Puppy Love " ( Billboard No. 3 ).

When Henry's treasury ran dry, Innocent withdrew the title, and in regranting it to Charles of Anjou in effect negated the sale.

When in his forties, he worked for a breakaway Christian sect known as the Cathars during their hopeless last stand against the forces of Pope Innocent III when he was mortally wounded.

When Uppsala burnt in 1204, Olov's pallium was burnt and he sent a request to Innocent III for a new one to be made.

When the Comics Code was formed in 1954 in reaction to Wertham's Seduction of the Innocent, Dell again refused to join and instead began publishing in its comics a " Pledge to Parents " that promised their editorial process " eliminates, rather than regulates, objectional material " and concluded with the now classic credo " Dell Comics Are Good Comics.

When Pope Innocent X replaced Urban he set about forcing Duke Odoardo's son Ranuccio II Farnese, Duke of Parma to adhere to the conditions of the peace treaty.

When the bishop was killed en-route to Castro, near Monterosi, Pope Innocent X accused Duke Ranuccio, and his supporters, of murdering him.

When the Patriarch was forced into exile from Constantinople in 404, the Latin-speaking Cassian was sent to Rome to plead his cause before Pope Innocent I.

When Innocent acceded to the papal throne, he shunned Bernini ’ s artistic services ; the sculptor had been the favorite artist of the previous and profligate Barberini pope.

When Pope Innocent IV deposed Frederick II ( 17 July 1245 ), it was chiefly due to the influence of Konrad that the pope's candidate, Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia, was elected king ; when Henry died after a short reign of seven months ( 17 February 1247 ), it was again the influence of Konrad that placed the crown on the head of the youthful William of Holland.

When Frederick sought the crown of Germany, he had his son crowned King of Sicily in February 1212 by Pope Innocent III, since an agreement between Frederick and the Pope stated that the kingdoms of Germany and Sicily should not be united under one ruler.

When Innocent XI became pope, things turned even worse ; he made Christina's theatre into a storeroom for grain, although he had been a frequent guest in her royal box with the other cardinals.