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When amino acids combine, they form a special bond called a peptide bond through dehydration synthesis, and become a polypeptide, or protein.
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When and amino
When taken up into the human body from the diet, the 22 standard amino acids either are used to synthesize proteins and other biomolecules or are oxidized to urea and carbon dioxide as a source of energy.
When an infected host cell is starved for various nutrients such as amino acids ( for example, tryptophan ), iron, or vitamins, this has a negative consequence for Chlamydiae since the organism is dependent on the host cell for these nutrients.
When a protein is denatured, the secondary and tertiary structures are altered but the peptide bonds of the primary structure between the amino acids are left intact.
When Bada performed the Miller-type experiment with the addition of iron and carbonate minerals, the products were rich in amino acids.
When the tRNA has an amino acid linked to it, it is termed " charged ".
When cooked or stored at high temperatures, aspartame breaks down into its constituent amino acids.
When eaten, aspartame is metabolized into its original amino acids.
When there is a deficiency of the charged tRNA of the regulatory amino acid the ribosome translating the leader peptide stalls and the antiterminator structure forms.
When the tRNA has an amino acid linked to it, it is termed " charged ".
When present, it causes many tissue cells to take up glucose from the circulation, causes some cells to store glucose internally in the form of glycogen, causes some cells to take in and hold lipids, and in many cases controls cellular electrolyte balances and amino acid uptake as well.
* When a cell contains a surplus amount of the amino acid tryptophan, the acid binds to a specialized repressor protein ( tryptophan repressor ).
When only the transmembrane regions of the receptors are considered, amino acid similarity between the two receptor subtypes is approximately 68 %.
When one of these amino acid is changed by a point mutation, the corresponding codon is changed.
When cells were deprived of a certain amino acid, tryptophan, for prolonged periods of time, point mutations in trp operon reverted to tryptophan, leading to an advantageous result, more frequently than under normal conditions when the mutations were neutral.
When the amino acid tryptophan is plentiful in the cell, it binds to the protein, which causes a conformational change in the protein.
When the amino acid tryptophan is in plentiful supply in the cell, trpR binds 2 molecules of tryptophan, which alters its structure and dynamics so that it becomes able to bind to operator DNA.
When the amino acids in the a and d positions were changed from I at a and L at d to L at a and I at d, a trimeric ( three alpha-helices ) coiled coil was formed.
When an amino acid may be encoded by more than one codon ( so-called " degenerate coding ") a mutation in a codon may not produce any change in translation ; this would be a synonymous mutation ( a form of silent mutation ) and not a missense mutation.
When refolding is not an option, the cell can also target the protein for degradation back into its component amino acids via proteolytic, lysosomal, or autophagic mechanisms.
When Leblond and his colleagues used 14C-bicarbonate, and then 35S-labeled amino acids to investigate protein synthesis, they were astonished to find that virtually all cells in the body incorporated label.
When employed in brain research, microdialysis is commonly used to measure neurotransmitters ( e. g. dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA ) and their metabolites, as well as small neuromodulators ( e. g. cAMP, cGMP, NO ), amino acids ( e. g. glycine, cysteine, tyrosine ), and energy substrates ( e. g. glucose, lactate, pyruvate ).
When this lysine is mutated to a neutral amino acid, TPI loses all function, but mutants with a different positively charged amino acid retain some function.
When describing a protein ( which is a chain of amino acids ), one often approximates the location of each amino acid as the location of its α-carbon.
When and acids
When they are not attached to other molecules, they are known as " free " fatty acids.
When all three fatty acids have the formula C < sub > n </ sub > H < sub >( 2n + 1 )</ sub > CO < sub > 2 </ sub > H, the resulting fat is called " saturated ".
When separating proteins or small nucleic acids ( DNA, RNA, or oligonucleotides ) the gel is usually composed of different concentrations of acrylamide and a cross-linker, producing different sized mesh networks of polyacrylamide.
When separating larger nucleic acids ( greater than a few hundred bases ), the preferred matrix is purified agarose.
When ionized hydrogen is written as " H < sup >+</ sup >" as in the solvation of classical acids such as hydrochloric acid, the hydronium ion, H < sub > 3 </ sub > O < sup >+</ sup >, is meant, not a literal ionized single hydrogen atom.
When impure ( cast ) iron is in contact with water, oxygen, or other strong oxidants, or acids, it rusts.
When used for etching, ferric chloride does not produce a corrosive gas, as acids do, thus eliminating another danger of traditional etching.
When the body requires fatty acids as an energy source, the hormone glucagon signals the breakdown of the triglycerides by hormone-sensitive lipase to release free fatty acids.
When, however, the triglyceride is derived from short chain fatty acids, the released carboxylic acid can confer strong flavors and odors.
* When the body has excess carbohydrates available, some glucose is fully metabolized, and some of it is stored by using acetyl-CoA to create fatty acids.
When soybeans absorb water, the endogenous enzyme, Lipoxygenase ( LOX ), EC 1. 13. 11. 12 linoleate: oxidoreductase, catalyzes a reaction between polyunsaturated fatty acids and oxygen
When they are injected with substance P, however, the pain signaling works as it does in other mammals, but only with capsaicin and not with the acids.
When exposed to heat, moisture or acids in the film base begin to deteriorate to an unusable state, releasing acetic acid with a characteristic vinegary smell, causing the process to be known as " vinegar syndrome.
When all the sugar has been consumed, the physiology of the yeast change to where they begin an aerobic process of breaking down and converting the acids into other compounds such as acetaldehyde.
When bound to nucleic acids, the dye fluoresces with an intensity that, according to the manufacturer, is several orders of magnitude greater than the unbound form.
When secreted into the intestine, primary bile acids can be metabolized into secondary bile acids by intestinal bacteria.
When and combine
* When certain consonants occur together, special conjunct symbols are used which combine the essential parts of each letter.
When morphemes combine, they influence each other's sound structure ( whether analyzed at a phonetic or phonemic level ), resulting in different variant pronunciations for the same morpheme.
: When atoms combine in only one ratio, ".. it must be presumed to be a binary one, unless some cause appear to the contrary ".
When these two schools combine teams they are known as Britton / Deerfield or BD and adopted the mascot " Patriots " in 2008 thanks to the push for a mascot by parents of students in the program.
When enemies grow to incredible sizes, Rangers utilize individual Zords that combine into a larger Megazord.
When we combine all three syllables we get AUM which is a combination of A-kāra, U-kāra, and Ma-kāra.
When Horn had to combine his troops with those of Bernhard of Weimar, all their co-operation failed, and they were given separate directions.
When the straw reaches the end of the walkers it falls out the rear of the combine.
When you combine the different envelope sizes, knives, colors, dies to print the indicia, and denominations there are literally thousands of different stamped envelopes produced for the U. S.
When driven by an external source of voltage, H ions flow to the cathode to combine with electrons to produce hydrogen gas in a reduction reaction.
When Carte died in 1948, his daughter Bridget did not wish to become chairman, accepting instead the vice-chairman position, and the Savoy board elected Wontner, the first person to combine the roles of chairman and managing director since the Savoy's founder, Richard D ' Oyly Carte.
When a top team is wiped out by a pair of Zoids able to combine, it leads to a series of discoveries relating to special " Fuzor " Zoids and combinations: RD's Liger Zero ends up partnered with the Fire Phoenix and later the Jet Falcon.
When Lothor demonstrated his ability to make his monsters grow into giants, the Rangers unleashed the Ninja Zords, which could combine into the Storm Megazord and destroy monsters with its arsenal of Power Spheres.
When the modern-day Planeteers combine their powers to summon the elemental warrior, this incarnation takes on the appearance of a superhero, who takes on the superhero-like name of " Captain Planet.
When a Centauri warship powered by one of the Shadow devices tries to destroy the jumpgate at Babylon 5 ( and in fact damages it ), the Drazi and Narn commanders decide to secretly combine their forces to launch an all-out attack on the Centauri homeworld itself.
When they try to leave the field, however, they are chased by a combine operator.
When a player moves his pieces, he may stack them above some of his other pieces, as long as he does not try to combine more than three elementary pieces altogether.
When gas molecules strike the getter material, they combine with it chemically or by adsorption.
It is said that " When we combine observation with evaluation others are apt to hear criticism and resist what we are saying.
When we combine form with matter the result is " determinate matter.
When Gola's sponsorship ceased, carmaker Vauxhall Motors — the British subsidiary of American combine General Motors — took over and sponsored the league until the end of the 1997 – 98 season.
When labourers combine and no longer bid against one another, their wages rise, whereas when masters combine, wages fall.
When war broke out between Israel and the combine forces of Egypt and Syria on October 13, 1973 ( the Yom Kippur War ) the 436 MAW responded with a 32-day airlift that delivered 22, 305 tons of munitions and military equipment to Israel.
1.665 seconds.