When calculating the difference in voltage, one must first manipulate the half-cell reactions to obtain a balanced oxidation-reduction equation.

When calculating scattering cross sections in particle physics, the interaction between particles can be described by starting from a free field which describes the incoming and outgoing particles, and including an interaction Hamiltonian to describe how the particles deflect one another.

When calculating correlation functions instead of scattering amplitudes, there is no past and future and all the lines are internal.

When calculating the fluctuations with a perturbative

When calculating specific impulse, only propellant that is carried with the vehicle before use is counted.

When calculating the distortion, it is common to exclude the DC components.

When calculating flow to drains or flow to wells in an aquifer, the anisotropy is to be taken into account lest the resulting design of the drainage system may be faulty.

When it lands on edge – and next to a newspaper story on one of Smith's accomplishments – he chooses Smith, calculating that his wholesome image will please the people while his naïveté will make him easy to manipulate.

When calculating with SI units, the standards would be for mass, kilograms ; for radius, meters ; and for angular velocity, radians per second.

When calculating R, allowance must be made for any current through the external load, not shown in this diagram, connected across U < sub > OUT </ sub >.

When calculating the output of, for example, a photovoltaic panel, the angle of the sun relative to the panel needs to be taken into account as well as the insolation.

When calculating a Thévenin-equivalent voltage, the voltage divider principle is often useful, by declaring one terminal to be V < sub > out </ sub > and the other terminal to be at the ground point.

When both legs are in the same currency, this notional amount is typically not exchanged between counterparties, but is used only for calculating the size of cashflows to be exchanged.

When calculating the electromagnetic interactions of charged particles, it is tempting to ignore the back-reaction of a particle's own field on itself.

When calculating the length of a short north-south line at the equator, the sphere that best approximates that part of the spheroid has a radius of, or 6, 335. 439 km, while the spheroid at the poles is best approximated by a sphere of radius, or 6, 399. 594 km, a 1 % difference.

When calculating probabilities for a card game such as Texas Hold ' em, there are two basic approaches.

When calculating the radiance emitted by a source, A refers to an area on the surface of the source, and Ω to the solid angle into which the light is emitted.

When calculating radiance at a detector, A refers to an area on the surface of the detector and Ω to the solid angle subtended by the source as viewed from that detector.

When the bottle is empty, Ringo places a love poem by Hafez inside it, and casts it into the Seine, calculating that one day it will reach American shores.

* When calculating the year in the game with the beginning of NC, in the game EV Nova, the year is 3955 ( It could be possible that the date of the game was influenced by the Planet of the Apes film series ).

When all the measuring, comparing, and calculating are done, some type of final control element must implement the strategy selected by the controller.

When calculating the prime, a separate point scale is used.

When calculating or estimating data throughputs, the details of the frame / cell / packet format and the technology's detailed implementation need to be understood.

When calculating multiples over different time periods ( e. g. historic multiples vs forward multiples ) EV should be adjusted to reflect the weighted average invested capital of the company in each period.

When Sonny and his henchmen arrive at the Vercetti Estate, Tommy attempts to give them their tribute in counterfeit money.

When Nintendo discovered this product, it began taking strong legal action against importers and sellers of the consoles, and have obtained a temporary injunction against the import and sale of video game systems containing counterfeit versions of Nintendo games.

When the money order is taken to the bank it may not be detected as counterfeit for 10 business days or more, but the bank will deposit the money into the account and state that it has been " verified " or is " clear " in about 24 hours.

When the bank does find that the money order is counterfeit and reverses the account credit many days later, the customer will usually have already mailed the item.

When the Soviet Union broke up in late 1991, a major boost to Cuba's economy was lost, leaving it essentially paralyzed because of the economy's narrow basis, focused on just a few products with just a few buyers.

When elements are burned, the products are primarily the most common oxides.

When the process feed has a diverse composition, as in distilling crude oil, liquid outlets at intervals up the column allow for the withdrawal of different fractions or products having different boiling points or boiling ranges.

When they claim that their product is the " best ", they mean that the product is as good as the other superior products in its category.

* When added to boiling water and cooled, unflavored gelatin can make a home-made hair styling gel that is cheaper than many commercial hair styling products, but by comparison has a shorter shelf life ( about a week ) when stored in this form ( usually in a refrigerator ).

When Central Park Media went bankrupt in the year of 2009, the licenses for all Anime 18-related products and movies were transferred to Critical Mass.

When investors buy these products the index provider makes the investments in the underlying funds, making an investable index similar in some ways to a fund of hedge funds portfolio.

When oxygen is limited, the glycolytic products will be metabolized by anaerobic fermentation, a process that is independent of the mitochondria.

When Bada performed the Miller-type experiment with the addition of iron and carbonate minerals, the products were rich in amino acids.

When the semiconductor division of DEC was sold to Intel, many engineers from the Palo Alto design group moved to SiByte, a start-up company designing MIPS system-on-a-chip ( SoC ) products for the networking market.

When estimating project times, it should be remembered that programming products ( which can be sold to paying customers ) and programming systems are both three times as hard to write as in-house programs.

When comparing the properties of compounds in combinatorial chemistry libraries to those of approved drugs and natural products, Feher and Schmidt noted that combinatorial chemistry libraries suffer particularly from the lack of chirality, as well as structure rigidity, both of which are widely regarded as drug-like properties.

When the calculator IC prices started to fall, Pico refocused on commercial products rather than plain ICs.

When mixed with concentrated sulfuric, they begin releasing oxygen, which can oxidise the carbonaceous dehydration products formed from organic residues by the sulfuric to carbon dioxide ; ' burning ' them off the glass.

When buying hake fillet or any other type of hake fish products, consumers need to purchase hake with white flesh that is free of signs of dryness, grayness or browning.

When products are different according to features that can't be ordered in an objective way, or in other words, at the same price, some consumers would prefer the product while others would prefer a different substitute Horizontal differentiation can be differentiation in colors ( different color version for the same good ), in styles ( e. g. modern / antique ), or in tastes.

When rebar corrodes, the oxidation products ( rust ) expand and tends to flake, cracking the concrete and unbonding the rebar from the concrete.

When campaigning for president during 1928, one of Herbert Hoover's promises to help beleaguered farmers had been to increase tariffs of agricultural products.

When daytime serials began in the early 1930s, they became known as soap operas because many were sponsored by soap products and detergents.

When Musella became a flag stop, the railroad offered better opportunities for farmers to market their products, so many of the residents of nearby Ceres, Georgia, ( named after Roman goddess of agriculture ; settlement also called Hopewell ) migrated to Musella.

When the California Steam Navigation Company came to Washington, Bryte used the steamships to carry his dairy products to various markets within the region.

When the railroad reached Spartanburg in the late 1840s, a market was established for the agricultural products of the area.

When an orthonormal basis that the vector a is represented in terms of is rotated, a's matrix in the new basis is obtained through multiplying a by a rotation matrix R. This matrix multiplication is just a compact representation of a sequence of dot products.

When a thrombus occupies more than 75 % of cross-sectional area of the lumen of an artery, blood flow to the tissue supplied is reduced enough to cause symptoms because of decreased oxygen ( hypoxia ) and accumulation of metabolic products like lactic acid.

When naphtha is used as a feedstock in catalytic reforming the primary products are aromatics including benzene, xylene, and toluene.