When the great reform of the 11th century had put an end to the direct jurisdiction of the lay abbots, the honorary title of abbot continued to be held by certain of the great feudal families, as late as the 13th century and later, the actual head of the community retaining that of dean.

When England switched to the shorter foot in the late 13th century, rods and furlongs remained unchanged, since property boundaries were already defined in rods and furlongs.

When Emir Osman I was appointed commander of the Turkish army on the Byzantine border in the late 13th century, he was symbolically installed via a handover of musical instruments by the Seldjuk sultan.

When Franconia fragmented in the early 13th century, Nassau emerged as an independent state as part of the Holy Roman Empire.

The group released four singles and an EP —" The Only One ", " Freakshow ", " Sleep When I'm Dead ", " The Perfect Boy " and Hypnagogic States respectively — on or near to the 13th of each month, in the months leading up to the album's release.

When the war ended, he also opposed the post-war constitutional amendments ( 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments upon ratification ) that banned many southerners from voting, granted voting rights to males of all races, and abolished slavery.

When in the late 13th century the Dampierre count Guy of Flanders entered into the Franco-Flemish War with his suzerain King Philip IV of France, the Dunkirk citizens sided with the French against their count, who first was defeated at the 1297 Battle of Furnes, but reached de facto autonomy upon the victorious Battle of the Golden Spurs five years later and exacted vengeance.

When the sea retreated again at the end of the 13th century the places in the region grew.

When the 12th Duke died in 1953, his son the 13th Duke was exposed to heavy death duties and the Abbey was a half-demolished, half-derelict house.

When the match resumed, Steinitz looked in better shape and won the 13th and 14th games.

When he died without a son in 1895, the Dukedom passed to his fourth cousin, Alfred Douglas-Hamilton, who succeeded as 13th Duke of Hamilton.

When their abbey at Cârţa was established in the early 13th century, Andrew II ordered that the strip of land running up to the mountains between the rivers Olt, Cârţişoara and Arpaş be transferred from the Romanians to the new monastery.

When the legislative session ended on March 13th, the Arkansas Senate elected Junius Marion Futrell as the new president pro tempore, but Oldham refused to agree that Futrell was the new acting governor ; the dispute was settled by the Arkansas Supreme Court on March 24th, in favor of Futrell.

When the French and Bavarians counterattacked the next night, the Tyroleans fought them in the city until the Tyroleans won on the morning of the 13th.

When he volunteered at the age of 28, he was commissioned as a captain in the 13th United States Infantry Regiment.

When it was announced that the New York Giants would begin playing at the new Giants Stadium in 1976, a reporter ask Werblin about the New York Giants playing in New Jersey, he explained the geography in the New York City Metro area by saying " If you pave the Hudson River it becomes 13th Avenue.

When Krak des Chevaliers was remodelled in the 13th century, new walls surrounding the inner court were built.

When the castle was remodelled in the early 13th century, the entrance was moved to the south wall.

When the outer walls were built in the 13th century the main entrance was enhanced.

When King John granted the town its charter during the 13th century, the rent was set as one sparrowhawk per year.

When the French captured Calais in January 1558, Guisnes held out by the courageous efforts of the English commander, William Grey, 13th Baron Grey de Wilton.

When the battle began in the early hours of the 13th of November, specific platoons from 1 RMLI crawled across no-man's land towards the German line.

When Kievan Rus ' became fragmented in the 13th century, the title Kniaz continued to be used in East Slavic states, including Kiev, Chernihiv, Novgorod, Pereiaslav, Vladimir-Suzdal ', Muscovy, Tver, Halych-Volynia, and in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.

When Germans began to settle in the 13th century, there was a systematic banishment of Bohemian influence and numerous local military conflicts erupted around strategically important fortifications.

When Cwmhir Abbey was dissolved by Henry VIII in 1536, some of its 13th century arches were dismantled and reassembled in St Idloes Church, where they can still be seen.

There is, of course, nothing new about dystopias, for they belong to a literary tradition which, including also the closely related satiric utopias, stretches from at least as far back as the eighteenth century and Swift's Gulliver's Travels to the twentieth century and Zamiatin's We, Capek's War With The Newts, Huxley's Brave New World, E. M. Forster's `` The Machine Stops '', C. S. Lewis's That Hideous Strength, and Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, and which in science fiction is represented before the present deluge as early as Wells's trilogy, The Time Machine, `` A Story Of The Days To Come '', and When The Sleeper Wakes, and as recently as Jack Williamson's `` With Folded Hands '' ( 1947 ), the classic story of men replaced by their own robots.

When the Germanic peoples entered the Roman Empire and founded successor-kingdoms in the western part, most had been Arian Christians for more than a century.

When it comes to the 17th century and anagrams in English or other languages, there is a great deal of documented evidence of learned interest.

When the Roman Empire turned Christian during the following century, this imagery came to be used in a more metaphysical sense, and removed legal impediments to the development and public use of the Anno Domini dating system, which came into general use during the reign of Charlemagne.

When Mahavira revived and reorganized the Jain movement in the 6th or 5th century BCE, ahimsa was already an established, strictly observed rule.

When the team first emerged in the nineteenth century it represented one nation-state, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.

When the idea and reality of the National Debt came about during the 18th century this was also managed by the bank.

When the idea of a modern Olympics became a reality at the end of the 19th century, the initiators and organizers were looking for a great popularizing event, recalling the ancient glory of Greece.

When PEI entered Confederation in 1873, it was accorded 6 MPs and 4 Senators ; however this was reduced to 4 MPs by the early twentieth century.

When the oak plantations matured in the mid-19th century, the masts were no longer required because shipping had changed.

When paper became generally available, from the 14th century onwards, artists ' drawings, both preparatory studies and finished works, became increasingly common.

When in the 17th century Gustav II Adolf introduced dragoons into the Swedish Army, he provided them with a sabre, an axe and a matchlock musket, utilizing them as " labourers on horseback ".

When Detroit underwent rapid industrialization at the turn of the 20th century, the Detroit River became notoriously polluted and toxic.

When Republican Rome turned into a de facto monarchy in the second half of the 1st century BC, at first there was no name for the title of the new type of monarch.

* When Flandria appeared in the 8th century, it was a Frankish fief centred on Bruges.

When the Franks invaded the Roman territories ( from the end of the 4th century and well into the 5th century ) they brought their language with them and Celtic and Latin were replaced by Old Dutch.

When Pausanias visited Thebes in Boeotia, in the second century AD, he was shown Hector's tomb and was told that the bones had been transported to Thebes according to a Delphic oracle.

When he died in 1138, the princes again aimed at checking royal power ; accordingly they did not elect Lothair's favoured heir, his son-in-law Henry the Proud of the Welf family, but Conrad III of the Hohenstaufen family, close relatives of the Salians, leading to over a century of strife between the two houses.

" When Magyars came to Pannonia in the 8th century, the Szeklers joined them, and together they conquered Pannonia ( today Hungary ).

When it did come, in the second half of the century, it was Lowland Scotland that received the benefits.