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When scientists transfer a gene from one cell into another cell in order to express the new genetic material as a protein in the recipient cell, the cDNA will be added to the recipient ( rather than the entire gene ), because the DNA for an entire gene may include DNA that does not code for the protein or that interrupts the coding sequence of the protein ( e. g., introns ).
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When and scientists
When a monarch does act, political controversy can often ensue, partially because the neutrality of the crown is seen to be compromised in favour of a partisan goal, while some political scientists champion the idea of an " interventionist monarch " as a check against possible illegal action by politicians.
When scientists want to express a specific protein in a cell that does not normally express that protein ( i. e., heterologous expression ), they will transfer the cDNA that codes for the protein to the recipient cell.
When scientists discovered that there are two different MAO enzymes ( MAO-A and MAO-B ), they developed selective compounds for MAO-B, ( for example, selegiline, which is used for Parkinson's disease ), to reduce the side-effects and serious interactions.
When trying to explain past phenomena, palaeontologists and other historical scientists often construct a set of hypotheses about the causes and then look for a smoking gun, a piece of evidence that indicates that one hypotheses is a better explanation than others.
When the experiments that had produced polywater were repeated with thoroughly cleaned glassware, the anomalous properties of the resulting water vanished, and even the scientists who had originally advanced the case for polywater agreed that it did not exist.
When it was first discovered, scientists estimated that the largest Quetzalcoatlus fossils came from an individual with a wingspan as large as 15. 9 meters ( 52. 2 feet ), choosing the middle of three extrapolations from the proportions of other pterosaurs that gave an estimate of 11, 15. 5 and 21 meters respectively ( 36 feet, 50. 85 feet, 68. 9 feet ).
When making observations, scientists look through telescopes, study images on electronic screens, record meter readings, and so on.
When Mariner 9 arrived at Mars on 14 November 1971, planetary scientists were surprised to find the atmosphere was thick with " a planet-wide robe of dust, the largest storm ever observed.
When considering indirect forms of non-violent aggression, such as relational aggression and social rejection, some scientists argue that females can be quite aggressive although female aggression is rarely expressed physically.
When used within the context of a distinctive portion of coral reef ecosystems, the term " lagoon " is synonymous with the term " back reef " or " backreef ", which is more commonly used by coral reef scientists to refer to the same area.
When British scientists in Antarctica performed airborne ice-penetrating radar surveys in the early 1970s, they detected unusual radar readings at the site which suggested the presence of a liquid, freshwater lake below the ice.
When Mariner 9 arrived and successfully orbited Mars on 14 November 1971, just two weeks prior to Mars 2 and Mars 3, planetary scientists were surprised to find the atmosphere was thick with " a planet-wide robe of dust, the largest storm ever observed.
When Mariner 9 arrived and successfully orbited Mars on 14 November 1971, just two weeks prior to Mars 2 and Mars 3, planetary scientists were surprised to find the atmosphere was thick with " a planet-wide robe of dust, the largest storm ever observed.
When the first calculations of the comet's orbit were made, scientists realized that it was going to pass just 0. 1 AU from the Earth on 25 March.
When politicians, relief workers and social scientists talk about people suffering from hunger, they usually refer to those who are unable to eat sufficient food to meet their basic nutritional needs for a sustained period of time.
When Alvin inspected one of the sites they located, the scientists observed black smoke billowing out of the vents, something not observed at the Galápagos Rift.
When scientists evaporate ocean water in a laboratory, the minerals are deposited in a defined order that was first demonstrated by Usiglio in 1884.
It's a thing that scientists are ashamed of-this history-because it's apparent that people did things like this: When they got a number that was too high above Millikan's, they thought something must be wrong-and they would look for and find a reason why something might be wrong.
When enough experimental results have been gathered in a particular area of inquiry, scientists may propose an explanatory framework that accounts for as many of these as possible.
When Schlick arrived in Vienna, he was invited to lead a group of scientists and philosophers who met regularly ( on Thursday evenings in the Chemistry Building ) to discuss philosophical topics in the sciences.
When frustrated by the lack of acceptance of his ideas, Warburg was known to quote an aphorism he attributed to Max Planck: Science progresses not because scientists change their minds, but rather because scientists attached to erroneous views die, and are replaced.
When he appeared before the assembled scientists, they gave him an ovation that lasted several minutes.
" ad of 2001, Tango brought back their famous " You Know When You've Been Tango'd " slogan in a brand new set of adverts, which would feature scientists performing unnecessary stunts.
When and transfer
When the molecules collide, they transfer energy to each other in varying degrees, based on how they collide.
When customers needed to transfer data from one system to another, it was necessary to write translators from one format to other.
When Shilton told Leicester he would not sign a professional contract unless he was guaranteed first team football, Banks found himself available for transfer, just a year after winning the World Cup.
When genes are inserted, they usually come from a different species, which is a form of horizontal gene transfer.
When a nucleus is added to an egg during somatic cell nuclear transfer, the egg starts dividing in minutes, as compared to the days or months it takes for reprogramming during embryonic development.
When the Union of South Africa was founded in 1910 the colony was still controlled by the British and moves were made to transfer it to the Union.
When the U. S. Attorney decides to indict someone under RICO, he or she has the option of seeking a pre-trial restraining order or injunction to temporarily seize a defendant's assets and prevent the transfer of potentially forfeitable property, as well as require the defendant to put up a performance bond.
When the iron tip oxidises and burnt flux accumulates on it, solder no longer wets the tip, impeding heat transfer and making soldering difficult or impossible ; tips must be periodically cleaned in use.
" When rumors circulated that the top job would go to Marshall, many critics viewed the transfer as a demotion for Marshall, since he would leave his position as Chief of Staff of the Army and lose his seat on the Combined Chiefs of Staff.
When buying expensive retired pieces, an escrow account for funds transfer may decrease the buyer's chance of losing their money.
When the transfer function comprises only a perfect gain constant A and perfect delay T
When a transmitter is connected to an antenna by a feed line, the impedance of the antenna and feed line must match exactly for maximum energy transfer from the feed line to the antenna to be possible.
When there is a transfer of data from a remote system to another remote system, the process is called " remote uploading ".
When trials are conducted in Chinese, judges were addressed, in Punti, as Fat Goon Dai Yan ( 法官大人, literally " Judge, Your Lordship ") before the transfer of sovereignty from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China, and as Fat Goon Gok Ha ( 法官閣下, " Judge, Your Honour ") since 1997.
When governments devolve functions, they transfer authority for decision-making, finance, and management to quasi-autonomous units of local government with corporate status.
When Nikola Tesla, for whom a memorial was later built at Niagara Falls, New York, U. S. A., invented the three-phase system of alternating current power transmission, distant transfer of electricity became possible, as Westinghouse and Tesla had built the AC-power Ames Hydroelectric Generating Plant and proved it effective.
When used with asymmetric ciphers for key transfer, pseudorandom key generators are nearly always used to generate the symmetric cipher session keys.
When the transfer is complete, the device interrupts the CPU.
When newspaper ink was petroleum based, Silly Putty could be used to transfer newspaper images to other surfaces, possibly after introducing distortion.
When the Rayleigh number is below the critical value for that fluid, heat transfer is primarily in the form of conduction ; when it exceeds the critical value, heat transfer is primarily in the form of convection.
When Patel was released on 15 June 1945 he realised that the British were preparing proposals to transfer power to Indian hands.
When the British mission proposed two plans for transfer of power, there was considerable opposition within the Congress to both.
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