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Page "Burkitt's lymphoma" ¶ 9
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When and DNA
When certain residues are methylated they hold DNA together strongly and restrict access to various enzymes.
When cells enter mitosis, the sister chromatids ( which represent the two copies of each chromosomal DNA molecule resulting from DNA replication earlier in the cell cycle and packaged by histones and other proteins into chromatin ) are linked all along their length by the action of the cohesin complex.
When scientists transfer a gene from one cell into another cell in order to express the new genetic material as a protein in the recipient cell, the cDNA will be added to the recipient ( rather than the entire gene ), because the DNA for an entire gene may include DNA that does not code for the protein or that interrupts the coding sequence of the protein ( e. g., introns ).
) When a nucleotide is being added to a growing DNA strand, two of the phosphates are removed and the energy produced creates a phosphodiester bond that attaches the remaining phosphate to the growing chain.
When it became clear to Wilkins and the supervisors of Watson and Crick that Franklin was going to the new job, and that Linus Pauling was working on the structure of DNA, they were willing to share Franklin's data with Watson and Crick, in the hope that they could find a good model of DNA before Pauling was able.
When refer to mammalians and plants, the major part of genome is composed by repetitive DNA.
When separating proteins or small nucleic acids ( DNA, RNA, or oligonucleotides ) the gel is usually composed of different concentrations of acrylamide and a cross-linker, producing different sized mesh networks of polyacrylamide.
When the tomb was opened, the skull was discovered in fragments and a DNA test revealed that the skull was not Petrarch's, prompting calls for the return of Petrarch's skull.
When a ( nonendogenous ) retrovirus invades a cell, the RNA of the retrovirus is reverse-transcribed into DNA by reverse transcriptase, then inserted into the host genome by an integrase.
When hash functions and fingerprints are used to identify similar data, such as homologous DNA sequences or similar audio files, the functions are designed so as to maximize the probability of collision between distinct but similar data.
When this occurs, complexes like SWI / SNF and other transcriptional factors can bind to the DNA and allow transcription to occur.
When the DNA sequence of the region is not mutated, this change is reversible.
When a prosecutor has collected some evidence ( for instance a DNA match ) and has an expert testify that the probability of finding this evidence if the accused were innocent is tiny, the fallacy occurs if it is concluded that the probability of the accused being innocent must be comparably tiny.
When ultraviolet rays penetrate the skin and damage DNA, thymidine dinucleotide ( pTpT ) fragments from damaged DNA will trigger melanogenesis and cause the melanocyte to produce melanosomes, which are then transferred by dendrite to the top layer of keratinocytes.
When friction ridge skin is not available from military personnel's remains, DNA and dental records are used to confirm identity.
When the Teen Titans animated season two, episode eleven, " Fractured ", introduced their version of Bat-Mite he stated that he was Robin's DNA buddy ( genetic twin ) and was given the more pronounceable nickname " Larry " by Beast Boy, after Larry had given the team his real name, Nosyarg Kcid or Dick Grayson spelled backwards.
When center Eddy Curry showed possible symptoms of a heart problem shortly before the playoffs, Paxson took a cautious approach and would not clear Curry to play without extensive DNA testing.
When an inducer is bound by the activator protein, it undergoes a change in conformation so that it can bind to the DNA and activate transcription.
When Ivan Nasidze and his colleagues examined both Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosome DNA, they found Kurdish groups most similar genetically to other West Asian groups, and most distant from Central Asian groups, for both mtDNA and the Y-chromosome.
When the pre-mRNA has been transcribed from the DNA, it includes several introns and exons.
When larger fragments of viral DNAs were used, forked structures of looped out DNA were observed when hybridized to the viral mRNAs.

When and tumor
When diagnostic tests confirm his suspicions, Judith agrees to surgery to remove a malignant brain tumor.
When used in conjunction with a standard chemotherapy treatment, irinotecan, 22. 9 % of patients responded and tumor growth was delayed by approximately 4. 1 months.
When the area of cancer cells at the originating site becomes clinically detectable, it is called a primary tumor.
When tumor cells metastasize, the new tumor is called a secondary or metastatic tumor, and its cells are similar to those in the original tumor.
When a second tumor is found in a patient that has been treated for cancer in the past, it is more often a metastasis than another primary tumor.
When accumulation of pleural fluid is noted, cytopathologic evaluation of the fluid, as well as clinical microscopy, microbiology, chemical studies, tumor markers, pH determination and other more esoteric tests are required as diagnostic tools for determining the causes of this abnormal accumulation.
When cells are approaching the Hayflick limit in cell cultures, the time to senescence can be extended by the inactivation of the tumor suppressor proteins-p53 and Retinoblastoma protein ( pRb ).
When a mechanical compression or vibration is applied, the tumor deforms less than the surrounding tissue.
When tumor response has reached > 90 % necrosis surgical intervention is planned.
When it appears that Johnny has finally overcome the tumor, he dies of a cerebral hemorrage, which occurs the day of a medical checkup-the day before he and his family are to leave on vacation.
When it occurs due to a solitary aldosterone-secreting adrenal adenoma ( a type of benign tumor ), it is known as Conn's syndrome.
When Deborah was five, she underwent surgery to remove a tumor in her urethra, a traumatic experience that involved a great deal of physical pain and shame.
When a tumor secretes PTHrP, this can lead to hypercalcemia.
When fine particles of silica dust are deposited in the lungs, macrophages that ingest the dust particles will set off an inflammation response by releasing tumor necrosis factors, interleukin-1, leukotriene B4 and other cytokines.
When a thymoma is suspected, a CT / CAT scan is generally performed to estimate the size and extent of the tumor, and the lesion is sampled with a CT-guided needle biopsy.
When the tumor is an early stage ( Masaoka I through IIB ), no further therapy is necessary.
When it is found with one or more differentiated forms of lung cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma, the malignant tumor is then diagnosed and classified as a combined small cell lung carcinoma ( c-SCLC ).
When the Sapian League starts abducting mutants and infecting them with modified versions of the Legacy virus, turning them into living bombs, Vanisher tries to bribe Josh into removing the tumor he placed in his head but fails.
When the sentinel node is free of tumor cells, this is highly predictive of freedom from metastasis in the entire lymphatic basin, thus leading to futility of a full node dissection.
When subjected to cold temperature, or local stimulation, the tumor caused intense pain that radiated up the arm to the elbow.

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