When East Germans fled to the West by the thousands, paeans of joy rose from the throats of Western publicists.

When the Western Roman Empire was starting to disintegrate, Augustine developed the concept of the Catholic Church as a spiritual City of God ( in a book of the same name ), distinct from the material Earthly City.

When he finally dies at the end of the novel, the situation report from the frontline states, " All is Quiet on the Western Front ," symbolizing the cheapness of human life in war.

When Germany invaded Poland in 1939, Western journalists adopted the term blitzkrieg to describe this form of armoured warfare.

When Stanford was Governor of California, the Legislature passed on April 22, 1863, " An Act to Authorize the Board of Supervisors of the City and County of San Francisco to take and subscribe One Million Dollars to the Capital Stock of the Western Pacific Rail Road Company and the Central Pacific Rail Road Company of California and to provide for the payment of the same and other matters relating thereto " ( which was later amended by Section Five of the " Compromise Act " of April 4, 1864 ).

When Hubbard formulated Dianetics, he described it as " a mix of Western technology and Oriental philosophy ".

When the Western renamed itself the American League for 1900, it was still a minor league, but next year it broke with the National Agreement and declared itself major, openly competing with the National League for players, and for fans in three contested cities.

When Theodosius died, in January 395, Honorius and Arcadius divided the Empire, so that Honorius became Western Roman Emperor at the age of ten.

When the governing of the Empire became too cumbersome for a single Emperor, the empire was divided by the emperor Diocletian into the Western and Eastern empires.

When James V finally managed to escape from the custody of the regents with the aid of his redoubtable mother in 1528, he once again set about subduing the rebellious Highlands, Western and Northern isles, as his father had had to do.

When World War I broke out in Western Europe, Moseley left his research work at the University of Oxford behind to volunteer for the Royal Engineers of the British Army.

A Time review of The Hour of Decision noted his international popularity as a polemicist, observing that " When Oswald Spengler speaks, many a Western Worldling stops to listen ".

When Gulf + Western became Paramount Communications, and continuing until 2002, the Paramount logo would appear first followed by the underline and the byline beneath it.

When Spanish conquistadors arrived in the Western Hemisphere, they discovered that around the islands of Cubagua and Margarita, some 200 km north of the Venezuelan coast, was an extensive pearl bed ( a bed of pearl oysters ).

When Pteranodon was alive, this area was covered by a large inland sea, known as the Western Interior Seaway.

'" When describing his views of the peace process among Arab leaders and in the media of the Arab world, Arafat's rhetoric became noticeably more bellicose than it was when among Western leaders and media outside of the Arab world.

When an Apache war chief wipes out a company and kidnaps several children, Dundee throws together a makeshift army, including unwilling Confederate veterans, black Federal soldiers, and traditional Western types, and takes off after the Indians.

When Morocco gained its indepence in the 1950s, the country also restated its claims over the still Spanish Western Sahara.

When used of historical periods since the 16th century, ' Western Christianity ' refers collectively to Roman Catholicism and Protestantism, especially in referral to aspects shared ( for example ritually, doctrinally, historically and politically ) rather than aspects differing between them.

When Lincoln called Grant east in the spring of 1864 to take command of all the Union armies, Grant appointed Sherman ( by then known to his soldiers as " Uncle Billy ") to succeed him as head of the Military Division of the Mississippi, which entailed command of Union troops in the Western Theater of the war.

When he is ambushed and killed by Constans, Constans is left sole ruler of the Western Roman Empire, with his other brother, Constantius II, Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire.

When the letter reached Rome, Donus had died, but his successor, Pope Agatho, agreed to the Emperor's suggestion and ordered councils held throughout the West so that legates could present the tradition of the Western Church.

When tested against liver and colon cancer cells in laboratory studies, ' Western Yellow ', pungent yellow ( New York Bold ) and shallots were most effective in inhibiting their growth.

When it became apparent that Western countries would not supply Egypt under financial and military terms acceptable to it, Nasser turned to the Soviet bloc and concluded a satisfactory armaments agreement with Czechoslovakia in September 1955.

When treated, the prognosis in Western countries is very good ; maternal death is rare.

When the Germanic peoples entered the Roman Empire and founded successor-kingdoms in the western part, most had been Arian Christians for more than a century.

When the Gothic campaign ended in Roman victory at the Battle of Naissus in September, Gallienus ' successor Claudius II Gothicus turned north to deal with the Alemanni, who were swarming over all Italy north of the Po River.

When the news spread that Agrippina had died, the Roman army, senate and various people sent him letters of congratulations that he had been saved from his mother's plots.

When the Vikings returned in force in 892 they found a kingdom defended by a standing, mobile field army and a network of garrisoned fortresses that commanded its navigable rivers and Roman roads.

When a Roman embassy sought restitution for the damage, the Latins gave a contemptuous reply.

When the Roman infantry became entangled in combat with his army, the hidden ambush force attacked the legionnaires in the rear.

When in December 1978 there was media speculation that Prince Charles might marry a Roman Catholic, Powell defended the provision that excludes Roman Catholics from ascending the throne, claiming his objection was not rooted in religious bigotry but in political considerations.

When Thomas Hobbes wrote that " the Papacy is no other than the ghost of the deceased Roman Empire sitting crowned upon the grave thereof ", he was promulgating an enormously important truth.

When the Roman Empire turned Christian during the following century, this imagery came to be used in a more metaphysical sense, and removed legal impediments to the development and public use of the Anno Domini dating system, which came into general use during the reign of Charlemagne.

When the Roman Emperor Hadrian vowed to rebuild Jerusalem from the wreckage in 130 AD, he considered reconstructing Jerusalem as a gift for the Jewish people.

: When, after the action had thus occurred, his own men returned to each general, Scipio could adopt no fixed plan of proceeding, except that he should form his measures from the plans and undertakings of the enemy: and Hannibal, uncertain whether he should pursue the march he had commenced into Italy, or fight with the Roman army which had first presented itself, the arrival of ambassadors from the Boii, and of a petty prince called Magalus, diverted from an immediate engagement ; who, declaring that they would be the guides of his journey and the companions of his dangers, gave it as their opinion, that Italy ought to be attacked with the entire force of the war, his strength having been nowhere previously impaired.

When the first meeting of the Fourth Duma was convened in late 1912, only one out of six Bolshevik deputies, Matvei Muranov, ( another one, Roman Malinovsky, was later exposed as an Okhrana secret police agent ) voted to break away from the Menshevik faction within the Duma on 15 December 1912.

When he openly left Octavian's sister, Octavia Minor, and moved to Alexandria to become Cleopatra's official partner, he led many Roman politicians to believe that he was trying to become the unchecked ruler of Egypt and of other eastern kingdoms, while still maintaining his command over the many Roman legions in the East.

When it was deployed on duty in Northern Ireland, the British Army was welcomed by Roman Catholics as a neutral force there to protect them from Protestant mobs, the Royal Ulster Constabulary ( RUC ) and the B-Specials.

When sufficient information has been gathered, the investigation of the candidate, who is called " Servant of God ", is presented by the local bishop to the Roman Curia — in particular, the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints — where it is assigned a postulator, whose task is to gather further information about the life of the Servant of God.

When Constantius learned of Shapur's withdrawal from Roman territory, he prepared his army for a counter-attack, drilling them and upgrading the equipment of his cataphracts.

When stopped by the Roman guards, they prayed to St Catherine to help them, confident that she would rather have her body ( or at least part thereof ) in Siena.

When the church was founded by Saint Mark during the reign of the Roman emperor Nero, a great multitude of native Egyptians ( as opposed to Greeks or Jews ) embraced the Christian faith.

When Orthodox theologians use the term " deuterocanonical ," it is important to note that the meaning is not identical to the Roman Catholic usage.

When Portuguese explorers first came into contact with the Japanese ( see Nanban period ), they described Japanese conditions in analogy, likening the Emperor, with great symbolic authority but little political power, to the Pope, and the Shogun to secular European rulers, e. g. the Holy Roman Emperor.

When the Consul Gaius Flaminius was killed during the disastrous Roman defeat at the Battle of Lake Trasimene, panic swept Rome.