When gastric hydrochloric acid reaches the nerves in the gastrointestinal mucosa, they signal pain to the central nervous system.

When Haydn and Mozart began composing, symphonies were played as single movements — before, between, or as interludes within other works — and many of them lasted only ten or twelve minutes ; instrumental groups had varying standards of playing, and the continuo was a central part of music-making.

When a central bank wishes to purchase more bonds than their respective national governments make available, they may purchase private bonds or assets denominated in foreign currencies.

When the character was spun off into Frasier, his father became a central character with, in a case of retroactive continuity, the explanation that Frasier was embarrassed about his father's lowbrow attitudes and thus claimed his death.

When the Communists captured the Nationalist capital of Nanjing in April 1949, Li refused to accompany the central government as it fled to Guangdong, instead expressing his dissatisfaction with Chiang by retiring to Guangxi.

When populations were quickly decreased by causes such as the Black Death or devastating warfare ( for example, Genghis Khan's Mongol hordes in eastern and central Europe, Thirty Years ' War in Germany ), this could lead to settlements being abandoned.

When the First Transcontinental Railroad was proposed in the 1850s, Atchison called for it to be built along the central route ( from St. Louis through Missouri, Kansas, and Utah ), rather the southern route ( from New Orleans through Texas and New Mexico ).

When feeding, it has a multinucleate base and a contractile stalk up to 150 μm in length, supporting a relatively small uninucleate head, where the central granule and axopods are located.

When the above partial order is restricted to the central idempotents of R, a lattice structure can be given.

When either writing through or directly to physical device registers, this may, but not necessarily, cause a real interrupt to occur at the device's central processor unit ( CPU ), if it has one.

When various Bolshevik and Menshevik factions tried to re-unite at the January 1910 RSDLP Central Committee meeting in Paris over Lenin's objections, Trotsky's Pravda was made a party-financed ' central organ '.

When it was pointed out to Niven that the Ringworld was dynamically unstable, in that once the center of rotation drifted away from the central sun, gravity would pull the ring into contact with the star, he used this as a plot element in the sequel novel, The Ringworld Engineers.

When Egyptian rule collapsed after the invasion of the Sea Peoples, the central hill country could no longer sustain a large nomadic population, so they went from nomadism to sedentism.

When compared with the concept map ( which was developed by learning experts in the 1970s ) the structure of a mind map is a similar radial, but is simplified by having one central key word.

When this happens the body will rapidly spiral down and intersect the central body.

When he rewrote Radio Free Albemuth as VALIS beforehand, Dick incorporated the plotline of Radio Free Albemuth as a backdrop film ( also titled VALIS ) that recapitulated the central theological and existential concerns of his novel as a mise en abyme-that is, a miniature copy of his central preoccupations at this stage of his literary career, common to both works.

When Egyptian influence declined or succumbed to foreign domination, the Kushite elite regarded themselves as central powers and believed themselves as idols of Egyptian culture and religion.

When applied to a bus-based network, this central hub rebroadcasts all transmissions received from any peripheral node to all peripheral nodes on the network, sometimes including the originating node.

When posed the film's central question, can men and women just be friends, Ryan replied, " Yes, men and women can just be friends.

When student and worker unrest rocked France in May 1968, Chirac played a central role in negotiating a truce.

When the physical star topology is applied to a logical bus network such as Ethernet, this central node ( traditionally a hub ) rebroadcasts all transmissions received from any peripheral node to all peripheral nodes on the network, sometimes including the originating node.

When central authority collapsed after 189 CE, wealthy landowners, members of the aristocracy / nobility, and regional military-governors relied upon their retainers to act as their own personal troops ( buqu 部曲 ).

When the central tendon is stabilized and the lower ribs are mobile, a contraction of the diaphragm elevates the ribs, which works in conjunction with other muscles to expand the thoracic indent upward.

When the invaders seize one of these " blocks ", they effectively control all communications within it and can isolate its inhabitants from the outside world, deny the central government any access to them and consolidate control at their leisure.

When the proprietor dies, the establishment should become a corporation until it is either acquired by another proprietor or the government decides to drop it.

When we look at countries like Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, and Burma, where substantial progress has been made in creating a minimum supply of modern men and of social overhead capital, and where institutions of centralized government exist, we find a second category of countries with a different set of problems and hence different priorities for policy.

When these do not work, he tries to avoid responsibility, saying he will ask the government for orders.

When the Macdonald government fell due to the Pacific scandal in 1873, the Governor General, Lord Dufferin, called upon Mackenzie, who had been chosen as the leader of the Liberal Party a few months earlier, to form a new government.

When the Jacobin faction seized control of the Revolutionary government in 1792, Jean-Jacques Ampère resisted the new political tides, and he was guillotined on November 24, 1793, as part of the Jacobin purges of the period.

When Tennessee seceded from the Union in 1861, Johnson was a Democratic U. S. Senator from Tennessee and was dedicated to Jacksonian Democracy, nationalism and limited government.

When the Labour government fell in 1979, the Conservatives under Margaret Thatcher won a victory which served to push the Liberals back into the margins.

When Isagoras attempted to create a narrow oligarchic government, the Athenian people, in a spontaneous and unprecedented move, expelled Cleomenes and Isagoras.

When word of the plot percolated through Black Hand leadership and the Serbian government, Apis was told not to proceed.

" When Congress, in the summer of 1973, legislated an end to U. S. military action in, over, or off the shores of Indochina, the only U. S. military activity then going on was air support of a friendly Cambodian government and army desperately defending their country against a North Vietnamese and Khmer Rouge onslaught ... What destabilized Cambodia was North Vietnam's occupation of chunks of Cambodian territory from 1965 onwards for use as military bases from which to launch attacks on U. S. and South Vietnamese forces in South Vietnam.

When Chiang was defeated by CPC forces in mainland China in 1949, he retreated to Taiwan with his government and his most disciplined troops, along with most of the KMT leadership and a large number of their supporters ; Chiang Kai-shek had taken effective control of Taiwan at the end of WWII as part of the overall Japanese surrender, when Japanese troops in Taiwan surrendered to Republic of China troops.

When informal relationships and sanctions prove insufficient to establish and maintain a desired social order, a government or a state may impose more formalized or stricter systems of social control.

When Duke Jing of Qi asked about government, by which he meant proper administration so as to bring social harmony, Confucius replied:

When he did not restore democratic rule and occasionally engaged in open repression, however, he was overthrown by the military in 1957 with the backing of both political parties, and a provisional government was installed.

When a constitution establishes a federal state, it will identify the several levels of government coexisting with exclusive or shared areas of jurisdiction over lawmaking, application and enforcement.

When the second novel, Dune Messiah, opens, Muad ’ Dib ’ s religion has sent his fanatical soldiers on an interstellar jihad, destroying the traditional structures of government and leaving billions dead.

When the government proposed a new federal code of civil procedure in 2006, replacing the cantonal codes of civil procedure, it rejected the introduction of class actions, arguing that:

When the Zairian government began to escalate its massacres in November 1996, the Tutsi militias erupted in rebellion against Mobutu.

When he encountered opposition from the services, he used government control of military spending to force the change through, stating " Wherever Federal Funds are expended, I do not see now any American can justify a descrimination of those funds.

When the newspapers reported that the government had not allowed the showing of The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons, the people were outraged, and the royals were forced to give in.

Godfrey Goodman, Bishop of Gloucester, recalled: " When we had experience of a Scottish government, the Queen did seem to revive.

When the United States ( US ) government was formed in 1789, Boudinot was elected from New Jersey to the US House of Representatives.

When the French public were asked to select which film they wanted to see most, having been told by the Vichy government that soon no more American films would be allowed in France, the overwhelming majority chose it over all others.