It exists in four major polymorphs: α, β, γ and T. Whereas α, β and T phases are based on B < sub > 12 </ sub > icosahedra, the γ-phase can be described as a rocksalt-type arrangement of the icosahedra and B < sub > 2 </ sub > atomic pairs.

Whereas the average density in the solar vicinity is one particle per cubic centimetre, the average density of a GMC is 10 < sup > 2 </ sup >– 10 < sup > 3 </ sup > particles per cubic centimetre.

Whereas a 1 cm < sup > 3 </ sup > of sample pure germanium at 20 ° C, contains about 4. 2 × 10 < sup > 22 </ sup > atoms but only 2. 5 × 10 < sup > 13 </ sup > free electrons and 2. 5 × 10 < sup > 13 </ sup > holes.

Whereas V ( r ) represents the potential energy between two particles, V < sub > TOT </ sub > represents the total potential energy of the system, i. e., the sum of the potential energy V ( r ) over all pairs of particles in the system.

Whereas this apparent pK < sub > a </ sub > is quoted as the dissociation constant of carbonic acid, it is ambiguous: it might better be referred to as the acidity constant of dissolved carbon dioxide, as it is particularly useful for calculating the pH of CO < sub > 2 </ sub >- containing solutions.

Whereas mechanical movements can typically be off by several seconds a day, an inexpensive quartz movement in a child's wristwatch may still be accurate to within half a second per day — ten times better than a mechanical movement .< ref > Quartz mechanisms usually have a resonant frequency of 32768 Hz, chosen for ease of use ( being 2 < sup > 15 </ sup >).

Whereas the ( global ) Lyapunov exponent gives a measure for the total predictability of a system, it is sometimes interesting to estimate the local predictability around a point x < sub > 0 </ sub > in phase space.

Whereas western poison oak urushiol contains chiefly catechols with C < sub > 17 </ sub > side-chains, poison ivy and poison sumac contain mostly catechols with C < sub > 15 </ sub > side-chains.

Whereas most chemical series involve the substitution of metallic ions, this series substitutes its anion groups ; phosphate ( PO < sub > 4 </ sub >), arsenate ( AsO < sub > 4 </ sub >) and vanadate ( VO < sub > 4 </ sub >).

Whereas chains of other infixed symbols ( e. g. 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 ) can often be considered in fragments ( e. g. ( 3 + 4 ) + 5 + ( 6 + 7 )) without a change of meaning ( see associativity ), or at least can be evaluated step by step in a prescribed order, e. g. 2 < sup > 3 < sup > 4 </ sup ></ sup > from right to left, that is not so with Conway's arrow.

Whereas by this Artifice of first dividing, and then changing your Supposition, you retain 1 and nx < sup > n-1 </ sup >.

Whereas the eponymous concept album's lyrics focus on human struggle and astronomical themes, A Beautiful Lie < nowiki >'</ nowiki > s lyrics are more personal and the music introduces intense screaming vocals and synth effects.

Whereas adult hemoglobin is composed of two alpha and two beta subunits, fetal hemoglobin is composed of two alpha and two gamma subunits, commonly denoted as α < sub > 2 </ sub > γ < sub > 2 </ sub >.

Whereas a quadric can be described as the zero-set of second order polynomial in Cartesian coordinates ( x < sub > 1 </ sub >, x < sub > 2 </ sub >, x < sub > 3 </ sub >), a cyclide is given by the zero-set of a second order polynomial in ( x < sub > 1 </ sub >, x < sub > 2 </ sub >, x < sub > 3 </ sub >, r < sup > 2 </ sup >), where

Whereas the TTAPS paper described a 3000 MT counterforce attack on ICBM sites, Michael Altfed of the Michigan State University and Political Scientist Stephen Cimbala of Pennsylvania State University maintained that with the trend towards smaller more accurate warheads in the United States and Soviet Nuclear Arsenals the same counterforce attack could be conducted with 1 / 1000th of that yield.

The Ravanahatha was played on one string which was 22 inches long encompassing the 3 Octaves. Whereas the Violin encompasses the 3 octaves on 4 strings with a finger board which is 5 1 / 4th inches long. This 5 1 / 4th when multiplied by 4 is 21 inches which was the size of the Ravan Hatta. Both are played with a bow.

Whereas one liter of water is almost exactly 1 kg, one cubic meter of air is often taken as 1. 143 kg — much less accurate, but still close enough for many practical uses.

Whereas VPLS as described in the above section ( OSI Layer 1 services ) supports emulation of both point-to-point and point-to-multipoint topologies, the method discussed here extends Layer 2 technologies such as 802. 1d and 802. 1q LAN trunking to run over transports such as Metro Ethernet.

Whereas the Herfindahl index ranges from 1 / N to one, the normalized Herfindahl index ranges from 0 to 1.

Whereas Type 1 RIPs consist of a single enzymatic protein chain, Type 2 RIPs, also known as holotoxins, are heterodimeric glycoproteins.

Whereas modern interframe video formats, such as MPEG1, MPEG2 and H. 264 / MPEG-4 AVC, achieve real-world compression-ratios of 1: 50 or better, M-JPEG's lack of interframe prediction limits its efficiency to 1: 20 or lower, depending on the tolerance to spatial artifacting in the compressed output.

Whereas 1 Henry VI deals primarily with the loss of England's French territories and the political machinations leading up to the Wars of the Roses, and 3 Henry VI deals with the horrors of that conflict, 2 Henry VI focuses on the King's inability to quell the bickering of his nobles, the death of his trusted adviser Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, the rise of the Duke of York and the inevitability of armed conflict.

Whereas the TADS 1 and 2 VMs had to parse the commands entered by the player, before sending the results on to the game, TADS 3 employs a more general-purpose virtual machine, where the command-parsing is done by the game code itself, akin to Inform.

Whereas the Sovereign's eldest son is born Duke of Cornwall he must be made or created Earl of Chester ( and Prince of Wales ; see the Prince Henry's Charter Case ( 1611 ) 1 Bulst 133 ; 80 ER 827 ).

Whereas the Cuss 1 was kept in position manually, later in the same year Shell launched the drilling ship Eureka that had an analogue control system interfaced with a taut wire, making it the first true DP ship.

Whereas the titanium content is relatively constant, the ratio of magnesium to iron varies and is usually lower than 1.

Whereas the North American model used an ' economy ' 3. 10 to 1 rear axle ratio, the Australian Falcon was built with a 3. 56 to 1 ratio which better complemented the torque characteristics of the engine, and yet still allowed a reduction in cruising rpm when compared with the Zephyr.

Whereas efficient exact algorithms have been found for the signed sorting by reversals see Shamir, Robert Tarjan | Tarjan, 1997, the problem of sorting by reversals has been proven to be hard even to approximate to within certain constant factor Marek Karpinski | Karpinski, 1999, and also proven to be approximable in polynomial time to within the approximation factor 1. 375 Marek Karpinski | Karpinski, Hannenhalli, 2002.

Whereas the CFTC saw broad purposes in protecting “ fair access ” to markets, “ financial integrity ”, “ price discovery and transparency ”, “ fitness standards ,” and protection of “ market participants from fraud and other abuses ,” other members of the PWG ( particularly the Federal Reserve through Alan Greenspan ) found the more limited purposes of ( 1 ) preventing price manipulation and ( 2 ) protecting retail investors.

Whereas the cantos one to three began with ‘ O wild West Wind ’ ( l. 1 ) and ‘ Thou ...’ ( l. 15, 29 ) and were clearly directed to the wind, there is a change in the fourth canto.

Whereas the controlled access Highway 1 follows the southern bank of the Fraser River, Highway 7 follows the northern bank.

Whereas, with Schild regression, antagonist concentration is varied in experiments used to derive K < sub > i </ sub > values from the Cheng-Prusoff equation, agonist concentrations are varied.

* Whereas some acronyms are logical, such as N3 ( N for natural, i. e. observed in natural diamond ) or H3 ( H for heated, i. e. observed after irradiation and heating ), many are not.

Whereas the usual organic surface-active agent is strongly sorbed at oil - water interfaces, the highly charged ions are most strongly sorbed at interfaces between water and insoluble materials exhibiting an ionic structure ( see Table 26-2 on p. 1678 ).

Whereas the earlier cases turned rather narrowly upon the availability of adequate state remedies, the new emphasis is upon the nature of the state policy at issue.

Whereas, John Brown has cheerfully risked his life in endeavoring to deliver those who are denied all rights and is this day doomed to suffer death for his efforts in behalf of those who have no helper: Therefore,

Whereas Bultmann's `` center '' position is structurally inconsistent and is therefore indefensible on formal grounds alone, the general position of the `` right '', as represented, say, by Karl Barth, involves the rejection or at least qualification of the demand for demythologization and so is invalidated on the material grounds we have just considered.

Whereas the claim above suggested that Luke was writing to Rome, this view proposes that Luke may be writing to the church in order to convince the saints of his own view that Rome is not a threat to the church.

Whereas the members of Jewish Christianity were circumcised and adhered to dietary laws, the Pauline Christianity featured in Acts did not require Gentiles to be circumcised or to obey all of the Mosaic laws, which is consistent with Noahide Law.

Whereas the structure is not symmetrical, various mode mixities can be introduced in these tests.

The British Statute of Anne ( 1710 ) further alluded to individual rights of the artist, beginning: " Whereas Printers, Booksellers, and other Persons, have of late frequently taken the Liberty of Printing ... Books, and other Writings, without the Consent of the Authors ... to their very great Detriment, and too often to the Ruin of them and their Families :" A right to benefit financially from the work is articulated, and court rulings and legislation have recognized a right to control the work, such as ensuring that the integrity of it is preserved.

Whereas the mass number simply counts the total number of neutrons and protons and is thus a natural ( or whole ) number, the atomic mass of a single isotope is a real number.

Whereas the philosophical approach to consciousness focuses on its fundamental nature and its contents, the medical approach focuses on the amount of consciousness a person has: in medicine, consciousness is assessed as a " level " ranging from coma and brain death at the low end, to full alertness and purposeful responsiveness at the high end.

Whereas it is paramagnetic at ambient conditions, it becomes antiferromagnetic upon cooling, and other magnetic transitions are also observed for many curium compounds.

Whereas consequentialist theories posit that consequences of action should be the primary focus of our thinking about ethics, virtue ethics insists that it is the character rather than the consequences of actions that should be the focal point.

Whereas transition metals sometimes attract most of the attention in the study of catalysis, small organic molecules without metals can also exhibit catalytic properties, as is apparent from the fact that many enzymes lack transition metals.

Whereas we say X is an H-set of Z if every cover of X with open sets of Z has a finite subfamily whose Z closure contains X.

Whereas peptidoglycan is a standard component of all bacterial cell walls, all archaeal cell walls lack peptidoglycan, with the exception of one group of methanogens.

Whereas the written Torah has a fixed form, the Oral Torah is a living tradition that includes not only specific supplements to the written Torah ( for instance, what is the proper manner of shechita and what is meant by " Frontlets " in the Shema ), but also procedures for understanding and talking about the written Torah ( thus, the Oral Torah revealed at Sinai includes debates among rabbis who lived long after Moses ).

Whereas it was originally called wau, its most common appellation in classical Greek is digamma, while, as a numeral, it was called episēmon during the Byzantine era.

Whereas in the early days of the practice it was considered wrong to construct words to disguise meaning, this is now an accepted and established practice.

Whereas Plato's demiurge is good wishing good on his creation, gnosticism contends that the demiurge is not only the originator of evil but is evil as well.