Whereas the previous novel was hard science fiction with armies and space warfare, Speaker for the Dead is philosophical in nature, although it still advances a xenology for the planetary setting unique in science fiction.

Whereas Heidegger argued that the question of human existence is central to the pursuit of the question of being, Husserl criticized this as reducing phenomenology to " philosophical anthropology " and offering an abstract and incorrect portrait of the human being.

Whereas atman refers to the self, jiva refers to the living being, the exact comprehension of which varies throughout the philosophical schools.

Whereas the Taoist philosophical paradigm had promoted scientific and mathematical investigation as a kind of mystical exploration of the workings of the universe, the Confucian paradigm focused far more on social philosophy and morality, which prompted a general lack of further research in mathematics and natural sciences.

Whereas a philosophical skeptic may deny the very existence of knowledge, an empirical skeptic merely seeks likely proof before accepting that knowledge.

Whereas animism tends to view life as taking the form of discrete spirits, and panpsychism tends to refer to strictly philosophical views like that of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, hylozoism refers largely to views such as those of the earliest Greek philosophers ( 6th and 5th centuries BC ), who treated the magnet as alive because of its attractive powers ( Thales ), or air as divine ( Anaximenes ), perhaps because of its apparently spontaneous power of movement, or because of its role as essential for life in animals.

Whereas other ancient astrological writers gave their emphasis to the astrological interpretation of such definitions ( for example, in describing how tropical signs are indicative of quickly changing situations ), Ptolemy's focus is notably different ; given to the astronomical and philosophical factors that underlie the definitions rather than their astrological meaning in practice.

Whereas purely normative morals became " out of shot ", in a way marked with an historical seal, however every ethics implies henceforth the reference to conceptual philosophical systems, connecting the anthropological aspect with the rational one, as much as a form of empiricism with the basis of intuitionism.

Whereas trends toward a moderation of the Baath Party's ideological approach to foreign affairs were evident before 1980, the war helped to accelerate these trends.

Whereas reusable SSTOs would reduce per launch costs by making a reusable high-tech vehicle that launches frequently with low maintenance, the " mass production " approach views the technical advances as a source of the cost problem in the first place.

Whereas exemplarism largely prevailed in the 20th century, vindicationism has been the preferred approach of the Bush administration.

Whereas spousal support was considered a right under the fault-based system, it became conditional under the no-fault approach.

Whereas social work started on a more scientific footing aimed at controlling and reforming individuals ( at one stage supporting the notion that poverty was a disease ), it has in more recent times adopted a more critical and holistic approach to understanding and intervening in social problems.

Whereas Malebranche followed Augustine in his description of intellectual knowledge, in his approach to mind-body problems he began as a follower of Descartes.

Whereas the focus there is on philosophy and integration with the theories created within knowledge management – a holistic approach – the focus of PIM research is on collecting statistically relevant data to support the core hypothesis of PIM ( see for example the work of Steve Whittaker ), and on creating and validating tools for PIM ( see works by William Jones or David Karger ).

Whereas If This is a Man was autobiographical The Drowned and the Saved is an attempt at an analytical approach.

Whereas acoustics tends to rely on lab measurements and individual acoustic characteristics of cars and so on, soundscape takes a top-down approach.

Whereas a confidence interval's size is entirely due to sampling error, and will approach a zero-width interval at the true population parameter as sample size increases, a tolerance interval's size is due partly to sampling error and partly to actual variance in the population, and will approach the population's probability interval as sample size increases.

Whereas the technique of the Fourier transform can be extended to obtain the frequency spectrum of any slowly growing locally integrable signal, this approach requires a complete description of the signal's behavior over all time.

Whereas the rest of this article follows this gentle approach with motivating examples, we present upfront the finite extensive-form games as ( ultimately ) constructed here.

Whereas the frequentist approach ( i. e., risk ) averages over possible samples, the Bayesian would fix the observed sample and average over hypotheses.

Whereas much of biology tends to focus on a single exemplar organism or a small subset of model organisms, comparative biology is a cross-lineage approach to understanding the phylogenetic history and interactions among individuals or higher taxa.

Whereas previous abridged versions of Journey to the West retained the original number of chapters but reduced their length significantly, Waley adopted the opposite approach ; he translated only 30 chapters out of 100 episodes, but did so nearly in full.

Whereas some interventions focus on addressing areas of weakness, the TEACCH approach works with existing strengths and emerging skill areas.

Whereas Gompers presumed that the great mass of workers would learn the value of solidarity through direct experience, Foster and his supporters favored a more top-down approach .... With amalgamation as its slogan, industrial unionism as its goal, and ' boring from within ' the established trade unions as its method, the TUEL promised to transform otherwise ' timid and muddled ' AFL affiliates into ' scientifically constructed, class conscious weapons in the revolutionary struggle.

Whereas Damrosch ’ s approach remains tied to the close reading of individual works, a very different view was taken by the Stanford critic Franco Moretti in a pair of articles offering “ Conjectures on World Literature .” Moretti argued that the scale of world literature far exceeds what can be grasped by traditional methods of close reading, and he advocated instead a mode of “ distant reading ” that would look at large-scale patterns as discerned from publication records and national literary histories, enabling one to trace the global sweep of forms such as the novel or film.

Whereas Husserl conceived humans as having been constituted by states of consciousness, Heidegger countered that consciousness is peripheral to the primacy of one ’ s existence ( i. e., the mode of being of Dasein ), which cannot be reduced to one ’ s consciousness of it.

Whereas Husserl gave priority to a depiction of consciousness that was fundamentally alien to the psychoanalytic conception of the unconscious, Heidegger offered a way to conceptualize experience that could accommodate those aspects of one ’ s existence that lie on the periphery of sentient awareness.

Whereas Jewish, Christian, and Muslim theologies see God most fundamentally as Creator and, perforce, see all else — including human consciousness or spirit — as created and, therefore, not divine, Eastern thought tends to obscure the distinction between the spiritual and the divine and holds that, " deep down inside " and purified of all earthly attachment, humanity really is divinity.

Whereas certain religions focus on individuals, like Christianity focuses on Jesus, Islam focuses solely on Allah.

Whereas communication sciences focuses on the way people communicate, be it mediated or unmediated, media studies tends to narrow the communication down to just mediated communication.

Whereas structuralists search for homogeneity in a discursive entity, Foucault focuses on differences.

Whereas architecture focuses on individual buildings, urban design address the larger scale of groups of buildings, of streets and public spaces, whole neighborhoods and districts, and entire cities, to make urban areas functional, attractive, and sustainable.

Whereas however Pindar's ode focuses on the myth of Pelops and Tantalus and demonstrates a stern moral about the need for moderation in personal conduct ( a reflection on Hieron's political excesses ), Bacchylides's ode focuses on the myths of Meleager and Hercules, demonstrating the moral that nobody is fortunate or happy in all things ( possibly a reflection on Hieron's chronic illness ).

Whereas dialectology studies the geographic distribution of language variation, sociolinguistics focuses on other sources of variation, among them class.

Whereas 1 Henry VI deals primarily with the loss of England's French territories and the political machinations leading up to the Wars of the Roses, and 3 Henry VI deals with the horrors of that conflict, 2 Henry VI focuses on the King's inability to quell the bickering of his nobles, the death of his trusted adviser Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, the rise of the Duke of York and the inevitability of armed conflict.

Whereas his science focuses on the behavior of nonhuman primates ( mostly chimpanzees, bonobos, macaques, and capuchin monkeys ), his popular books have given de Waal worldwide visibility by relating the insights he has gained from monkey and ape behavior to human society.

Whereas traffic psychology is primarily related to the study of the behavior of road users and the psychological processes underlying that behavior ( Rothengatter, 1997, 223 ) as well as to the relationship between behavior and accidents, transportation psychology, sometimes referred to as mobility psychology, focuses on mobility issues, individual and social factors in the movement of people and goods, and travel demand management ( TDM ).

Whereas record linkage focuses on the more narrow task of identifying matching entities across different data sets, Linked Data focuses on the broader methods of structuring and publishing data to facilitate the discovery of related information.

Whereas Jung ’ s psychology focused on the Self, its dynamics and its constellations ( ego, anima, animus, shadow ), Hillman ’ s Archetypal psychology relativizes and deliteralizes the ego and focuses on psyche, or soul, and the archai, the deepest patterns of psychic functioning, " the fundamental fantasies that animate all life " ( Moore, in Hillman, 1991 ).

Whereas the main story of Mobile Suit Gundam SEED focuses on the struggles between the Earth Alliance, ZAFT, and Orb Union, the Astray series is focused on the three MBF-P0x mobile suit prototypes ( however mainly on Lowe Guele ) and their respective pilots and organizations, who mainly exist on the outskirts of the main SEED storyline.

Whereas Warhammer 40, 000 is based on squad based tactical warfare, Inquisitor focuses on a small group of adventurers and plays a bit like a Role-playing game.