While the Lushan Conference served as a death knell for Peng, Mao's most vocal critic, it led to a shift of power to moderates led by Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping, who took effective control of the economy following 1959.

While it continues to be lauded to be the major force that defeated " imperialism and feudalism " and created a " New China " by the Communist Party of China, the ideology survives only in name on the Communist Party's Constitution ; Deng Xiaoping abolished most Maoist practices in 1978, advancing a guiding ideology called " Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

While some people attributed the period of relative stability and growth in the 1990s to Jiang's term, others argue that Jiang did little to correct mistakes resulting from Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms, leaving the next administration facing innumerable problems, some of which it is too late to solve.

While Chen became the moral leader of the conservative opposition to Deng Xiaoping, he did not challenge Deng's personal primacy as head of regime.

While not named above, Deng Xiaoping, the core of the second generation of leadership, also played a key role in the first generation at various times, mainly as an ally of Zhou and Peng, but was purged from government in 1976 and remained sidelined at the time of Mao's death.

While Jiang's attacks were largely easily repelled, Sima Zhao eventually ordered a counterattack on Shu Han, with an invading force of 180, 000 men commanded by Zhong Hui and Deng Ai.

While Mao advocated self-reliance, Deng generated foreign exchange to finance modernization.

While resistance to Wan remaining on the PBSC had to yield to Deng Xiaoping's wishes, the conservatives were able to block Wan's elevation to the State Presidency, a position handed to General Yang Shangkun.

While staying in Hong Kong working as a journalist, he had a name in Chinese, 鄧天諾 ( Deng Tiannuo ) ( meaning: " heavenly / godly promise ").

While Deng Xiaoping, after the death of Mao Zedong, gradually introduced free market, he did not promote civil liberties or other freedoms, as demonstrated by his willingness to crush pro-democracy demonstrators.

While Emperor Wu discovered that Xiao Yuanzao's accusations were false and posthumously honored Deng, he took no punishment against Xiao Yuanzao other than demoting his rank.

While annotating Han shu ( Shihuo zhi chapter ), Deng Zhan ( a scholar of Wei dynasty ) mentions some " Yue yuan yu " — another text on music, also ascribed to Liu De.

While Zhao and Deng had supportive attitudes toward the film, a few members of the Politburo were offended by Heshang ’ s harsh criticism of Chinese traditions and the Party ’ s policies since 1978, as well as its attack on Leninist theories.

While `` better late than never '' may have certain merits, the posthumous award of the Nobel Prize for Peace to the late Dag Hammarskjold strikes me as less than a satisfactory expression of appreciation.

While a wind wave never travels at more than 60 miles per hour, the velocity of a tsunami in the open sea must be reckoned in hundreds of miles per hour.

While this does bear some similarity with the classic posture of cowboys firing their twin revolvers from the hip, in games this posture is almost never reflected, with almost all game characters firing twin guns at shoulder level, straight-armed.

While government authorities prepared lists of aliens for deportation, many aliens fled the country during the debate over the Alien and Sedition Acts, and Adams never signed a deportation order.

While Granny frequently mentioned that she was from Tennessee, the series never specified the state from which the Clampetts moved to California.

While modern Breviaries are nearly always printed in four volumes, one for each season of the year, the editions of the Sarum never exceeded two parts.

While he had never been adopted by Augustus or his successors, he was the grandson of Octavia, and so felt he had the right.

While never reaching the level of accuracy of a modern timepiece, the water clock was the most accurate and commonly used timekeeping device for millennia, until it was replaced by the more accurate pendulum clock in 17th century Europe.

While Cernunnos was never assimilated, scholars have sometimes compared him functionally to Greek and Roman divine figures such as Mercury, Actaeon, specialized forms of Jupiter, and Dis Pater, the latter of whom Julius Caesar said was considered the ancestor of the Gauls.

While motions of censure are periodically proposed by the opposition following government actions that it deems highly inappropriate, they are purely rhetorical ; party discipline ensures that, throughout a parliamentary term, the government is never overthrown by the assembly.

Prof. Spiegelberg writes, " While outward religious practice never entered his life any more than it did that of most academic scholars of the time, his mind remained open for the religious phenomenon as for any other genuine experience.

While Fine Gael was responsible for the initial nomination of the uncontested, first President of Ireland, Douglas Hyde, a Fine Gael candidate has never won an election to the office of President.

While acknowledging that his conduct had been lax, he countered that he had never allowed gifts to influence his judgement and, indeed, he had on occasion given a verdict against those who had paid him.

While the other Italian states gradually recognized Sforza as the legitimate Duke of Milan, he was never able to obtain official investiture from the Holy Roman Emperor.

While much of the attempt at gender equity in mainstream Christianity ( Judaism never recognized any gender for God ) is aimed at reinterpreting scripture and degenderizing language used to name and describe the divine ( Ruether, 1984 ; Plaskow, 1991 ), there are a growing number of people who identify as Christians or Jews who are trying to integrate goddess imagery into their religions ( Kien, 2000 ; Kidd 1996 ," Goddess Christians Yahoogroup ").

While Lovecraft never considered his pantheon of alien gods more than a mere plot device, Derleth created an entire cosmology, complete with a war between the good Elder Gods and the evil Outer Gods, such as Cthulhu and his ilk ).

While Hadrian may have been the obvious choice as successor, he had never been adopted as Trajan's heir.

While there is evidence of such incidents, they are quite rare and have never resulted in serious injury.

While the above classical hexameter has never enjoyed much popularity in English, where the standard metre is iambic pentameter, English poems have frequently been written in iambic hexameter.

While these theories were espoused by Charles Darwin and many of his students, their application as applied in Social Darwinism and General Evolution characterized in the theories of Spencer and White, historicism was neither anti-selection, nor anti-evolution, as Darwin never attempted nor offered an explanation for cultural evolution.

On 27 February 1914, two days after his death, the Daily Graphic recalled Tenniel: " He had an influence on the political feeling of this time which is hardly measurable … While Tenniel was drawing them ( his subjects ), we always looked to the Punch cartoon to crystallize the national and international situation, and the popular feeling about it — and never looked in vain.

While it never baldly advocates the case for broader societal acceptance of homosexuality or for the abandonment of elements of the Jewish religious tradition, those causes are subtly evident in the stark, simplistic picture the film presents of sincere, conflicted and victimized men and women confronted by a largely stern and stubborn cadre of rabbis.

While Zuse never became a member of the Nazi Party, he is not known to have expressed any doubts or qualms about working for the Nazi war effort.

While his father placed the Christmas tree in the front parlor behind closed drapes, Frank would decorate the tree and talk to them from behind the drapes, although they never could manage to see him.

While in Washington, D.C., Lucy Upton held positions in the U.S. Census Office, and in the Pension Bureau.

While that national dichotomy has stymied any effort at changing the tradition of the national anthem, " America the Beautiful " continues to be held in high esteem by a large number of Americans.

While the Ottomans held their own in the conflict they ultimately lost with Ochakov falling in 1788 to the Russians ( all of its inhabitants being massacred.

While previously held elsewhere within or near the capital city, since 1918 it has been held on the Champs-Élysées, with the evident agreement of the Allies as represented in the Versailles Peace Conference, and with the exception of the period of German occupation from 1940 to 1944.

While no other Presidium members were enthusiastic for such an approach, Khrushchev held several Central Committee meetings from February to March 1954 to discuss agriculture alone.

While Titus held a great many offices under the rule of his father, Domitian was left with honours but no responsibilities.

While many historians have believed that Allen took these actions because he already held Wentworth grants of his own, there is no evidence that he was issued any such grants until after he had been asked to take up the defense of grants held by others.

While it is possible to create a controlled sporting event such as X Games, there are environmental variables that cannot be held constant for all athletes.

While the Rising and its leaders continued to be venerated by Irish republicans — including members and supporters of the Provisional IRA and the modern Sinn Féin — with murals in republican areas of Belfast and other towns celebrating the actions of Pearse and his comrades, and a number of parades held annually in remembrance of the Rising, the Irish government discontinued its annual parade in Dublin in the early 1970s, and in 1976 it took the unprecedented step of proscribing ( under the Offences against the State Act ) a 1916 commemoration ceremony at the GPO organised by Sinn Féin and the Republican commemoration Committee.

While the Expresión en Corto International Film Festival is the largest competitive film festival in Mexico, specializing in emerging talents, and is held each year during the last week of July in the two colonial cities of San Miguel de Allende and Guanajuato.

While swimming, the head was held up but the neck was drawn in.

While the general concept of a " Spirit " that permeates the cosmos is a general feature of most religions ( e. g. Brahman in Hinduism and Tao in Taoism and Great Spirit among Indigenous peoples of the Americas ), the term Holy Spirit specifically refers to the beliefs held in the Abrahamic religions.

While Constantinople experienced a succession of councils alternately approving and condemning doctrine concerning hesychasm considered as identified with Palamism ( the last of the five senses in which, according to Kallistos Ware, the term is used ), the Western Church held no council in which to make a pronouncement on the issue, and the word " hesychasm " does not appear in the Enchiridion Symbolorum et Definitionum ( Handbook of Creeds and Definitions ), the collection of Roman Catholic teachings originally compiled by Heinrich Joseph Dominicus Denzinger.

While a controversial player both on and off the field at times, Botham also held a number of Test cricket records, and still holds the record for the highest number of wickets taken by an England bowler.

While Stalin had promised at the Yalta Conference that free elections would be held in Poland, after an election failure in " 3 times YES " elections, vote rigging was employed to win a majority in the carefully controlled poll.

While on the Peleliu, he signed confession documents while he was held by the United States Marine Corps and informed his interrogators that he was not merely Taliban but al-Qaeda, though his father later asserted he was not involved in, and unaware of, al-Qaeda.

While most longships held a length to width ratio of 7: 1, the Karvi ships were closer to 4. 5: 1.

While the army held more than its own against the armies of the kingdom's neighbors, its performance against more technologically advanced European armies deteriorated over time.

While in Hamburg, Atta held a number of jobs, including a part-time position at Plankontor, an urban planning firm, from 1992 until the summer of 1997 when he was laid off.

While four of the Black September members held the pilots at gunpoint ( breaking an earlier promise that they would not take any Germans hostage ), Issa and Tony walked over to inspect the jet, only to find it empty.

While studying law under the mentorship of Oliver Ellsworth, the future U. S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, Webster held a full-time job teaching in Hartford — a schedule he found grueling, and ultimately impossible to sustain .< p.

" While insisting on strict adherence to Jewish beliefs and practices, he held that Jews should attempt to engage and influence the modern world, and encouraged those secular studies compatible with Torah thought.