While the process is secret, the general method for making yeast extract on a commercial scale is to add salt to a suspension of yeast, making the solution hypertonic, which leads to the cells shrivelling up ; this triggers " autolysis ", in which the yeast self-destructs.

While different color dyes absorb different frequencies of light, there was a need for as many light sources as cells.

While SNR is commonly quoted for electrical signals, it can be applied to any form of signal ( such as isotope levels in an ice core or biochemical signaling between cells ).

* While bacterial cells often have many flagellar filaments, each of which rotates independently, the archaeal flagellum is composed of a bundle of many filaments that rotate as a single assembly.

While measuring the effect on an organism, tissue cells, enzymes or the receptor is preparing to be compared to a standard preparation.

While plants do utilise many of the same epigenetic mechanisms as animals, such as chromatin remodeling, it has been hypothesised that plant cells do not have " memories ", resetting their gene expression patterns at each cell division using positional information from the environment and surrounding cells to determine their fate.

While a professor of botany at the University of Jena, he wrote < cite > Contributions to Phytogenesis </ cite > ( 1838 ), in which he stated that the different parts of the plant organism are composed of cells.

While most women may have some retrograde menstrual flow, typically their immune system is able to clear the debris and prevent implantation and growth of cells from this occurrence.

While being stored in pancreatic beta cells, proinsulin includes both insulin and C-peptide, which is freed before insulin secretion into the blood.

While the finished polyurethane product is quite light, consisting largely of closed cells of hydrogen, the rubber form and the metal and wood foam box are very heavy.

While it was once thought that the input to layer I came from the cortex itself, it is now realized that layer I across the cerebral cortex mantle receives substantial input from ‘‘ matrix ’’ or M-type thalamus cells ( in contrast to ‘‘ core ’’ or C-type that go to layer IV ).

While both the small intestine and the large intestine have goblet cells, they are abundant in the large intestine.

While mammalian liver cells are polyploid, rare instances of polyploid mammals are known, but most often result in prenatal death.

While epithelial cells form the lining of body structures, it is fibroblasts and related connective tissues which sculpt the " bulk " of an organism.

# While reading of columns in an open row is occurring, current is flowing back up the bit-lines from the output of the sense amplifiers and recharging the storage cells.

* While the length of the intestinal tract contains lymphoid tissue, only the ileum has abundant Peyer's patches, unencapsulated lymphoid nodules that contain large numbers of lymphocytes and other cells of the immune system.

* While the length of the intestinal tract contains lymphoid tissue, only the ileum has abundant Peyer's patches, unencapsulated lymphoid nodules that contain large numbers of lymphocytes and other cells of the immune system.

While the vast majority of the patent application dealt with male sperm, one line suggested that the procedure would work with XX cells, i. e., cells from an adult woman to make female sperm.

While it was previously believed that oesophageal cells were developed from the transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cells, that has been shown to be false.

While most of the high-energy electrons derived from water are utilized by the cyanobacterial cells for their own needs, a fraction of these electrons are donated to the external environment via electrogenic activity.

The brand-name form of sertraline, Zoloft, was advertised to consumers by Pfizer using the following wording: " While the cause is unknown, depression may be related to an imbalance of natural chemicals between nerve cells in the brain.

While protein-mediated transduction supports reprogramming adult cells to pluripotency, the method is cumbersome and requires recombinant protein expression and purification expertise, and reprograms albeit at very low frequencies ( Kim et al., 2009 ).

While serving as a color commentator for WWE Smackdown, John Layfield pointed out that a wrestler sometimes will make pin attempts early in the match, despite knowing that he has not damaged his opponent enough to win, because sometimes the point is not to get a pin, but rather to force the opponent to expend energy for later in the match.

While maintaining certain Persian-type pomp at his court, he launched an ambitious program of " Europeanization " which was supported by the Georgian intellectual élites, but was not overwhelmingly successful because Georgia remained physically isolated from Europe and had to expend all available resources on defending its precarious independence.

While the mechanism is not fully understood, it is likely to involve the production of electron – positron pairs, as ordinary matter gains tremendous energy while falling into a stellar remnant .< ref >

While insulation reduces energy loss through the building envelope, thermal mass uses walls to store and release energy.

While playing, members exert energy on behalf of the team ( personal investment in the group ).

While people expected elements with higher atomic number to form from neutron bombardment of lighter elements, nobody expected neutrons to have enough energy to actually split a heavier atom into two light element fragments, and it was thought still more unlikely that slow neutrons could accomplish such a task.

While most of the energy of the signal is contained within f < sub > c </ sub > ± f < sub > Δ </ sub >, it can be shown by Fourier analysis that a wider range of frequencies is required to precisely represent an FM signal.

While perceived quality varied widely, the energy and enthusiasm involved tended to be communicated clearly to the readership, many of who were also fanzine contributors.

While the energy delivered to the target increases linearly with mass, it increases geometrically with the speed ( see the effect of the handle, below ).

While melting, any energy added breaks the hydrogen bonds between ice ( water ) molecules.

While encouraging the construction of large dams ( which Nehru called the " new temples of India "), irrigation works and the generation of hydroelectricity, Nehru also launched India's programme to harness nuclear energy.

While Liechtenstein produces only 15 % of its energy requirements.

While earthquakes are common in British Columbia and adjacent coastal waters, most are minor in energy release or are sufficiently remote to have little effect on populated areas.

While searching for the energy of the Black Lantern simultaneously dispatching various Doomsday ' clones ' created from the original to distract Earth's heroes by sending them after the other members of the Superman family with the aid of a robotic duplicate of Lois Lane created to give him an honest opinion on his actions, Luthor encountered Brainiac in space while attempting to alter the last of the Black Lantern energy, acting upon an unspoken theory of his.

While damage could be studied later, the energy yield of the untested Little Boy design could be determined only at the moment of detonation, using instruments dropped by parachute from a plane flying in formation with the one that dropped the bomb.

While much lower in energy, these plants provide the moose with its sodium requirements, and as much as half of their diet usually consists of aquatic plant life.

While the work on radioactivity by Becquerel and Marie Curie predates this, an explanation of the source of the energy of radioactivity would have to wait for the discovery that the nucleus itself was composed of smaller constituents, the nucleons.

While hydrogen fusion can occur in a stable manner on the surface of the white dwarf for a narrow range of accretion rates, for most binary system parameters the hydrogen burning is thermally unstable and rapidly converts a large amount of the hydrogen into other heavier elements in a runaway reaction, liberating an enormous amount of energy, blowing the remaining gases away from the white dwarf's surface and producing an extremely bright outburst of light.

While typical chemical reactions release energies on the order of a few eVs ( e. g. the binding energy of the electron to hydrogen is 13. 6 eV ), nuclear fission reactions typically release energies on the order of hundreds of millions of eVs.

While the reason for this underabundance is not yet fully understood, one possibility is that convection in stellar interiors can ' overshoot ' into regions where radiation is normally the dominant mode of energy transport.

While in many lasers the laser process involves the transition of atoms between different electronic energy states, as described in the model above, this is not the only mechanism that can result in laser action.

While energy is needed for substrate unfolding, it is not required for translocation.

While azhdarchid pterosaurs probably could not run, they would have been relatively fast and energy efficient.

While Gould is celebrated for the color and energy of his prose, as well as his massive interdisciplinary knowledge, critics such as Scott have concerns that the theory has gained undeserved credence among non-scientists because of Gould's rhetorical skills.