While not publishing mathematical research in conventional ways during the 1980s, he produced several influential manuscripts with limited distribution, with both mathematical and biographical content.

While nations often strive for substantive harmony to facilitate cross-national distribution, philosophical differences about the optimal extent of regulation can be a hindrance ; more restrictive regulations seem appealing on an intuitive level, but critics decry the tradeoff cost in terms of slowing access to life-saving developments.

While that system was first described in a paper by Diffie and me, it is a public key distribution system, a concept developed by Merkle, and hence should be called ' Diffie – Hellman – Merkle key exchange ' if names are to be associated with it.

While much of the specification codifies work that had already been ongoing in the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers ( SMPTE ), the specification is important in establishing a content owner framework for the distribution and security of first-release motion picture content.

While this applies immediately only to scalar-valued estimators, it can be extended to any measure of central tendency of a distribution: see median-unbiased estimators.

While captured supplies proved useful, water and ammunition were constantly in short supply while a shortage of transport impeded the distribution of the supplies that the Axis forces did have.

While the Kolmogorov – Smirnov test is usually used to test whether a given F ( x ) is the underlying probability distribution of F < sub > n </ sub >( x ), the procedure may be inverted to give confidence limits on F ( x ) itself.

While advancement of research proves that targeting and distribution can be augmented by nanoparticles, the dangers of nanotoxicity become an important next step in further understanding of their medical uses.

While online machine learning is often used when is fixed, it is most useful in the case where the distribution changes slowly over time.

While most clusters become dispersed before a large proportion of their members have reached the white dwarf stage, the number of white dwarfs in open clusters is still generally much lower than would be expected, given the age of the cluster and the expected initial mass distribution of the stars.

While the earlier inventors had produced electric lighting in laboratory conditions, dating back to a demonstration of a glowing wire by Alessandro Volta in 1800, Edison concentrated on commercial application, and was able to sell the concept to homes and businesses by mass-producing relatively long-lasting light bulbs and creating a complete system for the generation and distribution of electricity.

While cast-iron woks are superior to carbon steel woks in heat retention and uniform heat distribution, they respond slowly to heat adjustments and are slow to cool once taken off the fire.

While from this perspective the Dirac delta can usually be manipulated as though it were a function, formally it must be defined as a distribution that is also a measure.

While the exact meaning of the term layer-4 switch is vendor-dependent, it almost always starts with a capability for network address translation, but then adds some type of load distribution based on TCP sessions.

While most drugs are legal to possess, many governments regulate the manufacture, distribution, marketing, and sale of some drugs, for instance through a prescription system.

While boosting is not algorithmically constrained, most boosting algorithms consist of iteratively learning weak classifiers with respect to a distribution and adding them to a final strong classifier.

While the government forced allotment of lands and distribution of 160 acre-plots to tribal members for farming, the tribe held the " surplus " land after the distribution.

While men worked as button cutters, housewives sewed the finished product onto cards for distribution and sale to stores.

: Geographic distribution: While the merger of these low back vowels is widespread in the United States, the phoneme that results from this merger is typically the more fronted and unrounded.

While unclear, the motives behind the fighting appears to be the distribution of oil funds and the poor organization of the Timorese army and police, which includes former Indonesian-trained police and former Timorese rebels.

While these unauthorized copies are not bootlegs as commonly defined, their creation and distribution channels overlap with bootleg products.

While the license text claims to permit using the official Monkey's Audio codec in GPL projects, several Linux distribution maintainers have found the license to be contradictory.

While remaining a 4AD band internationally, the Cocteau Twins finally signed a major-label contract with Capitol Records in 1988 for distribution in the US, and released their fifth proper LP, Blue Bell Knoll, in October of that year.

While containment of biological warfare transmission is less of a concern for certain criminal or terrorist organizations, it remains a significant concern for the military and civilian populations of virtually all nations.

While many developing countries have been eager to join CITES, the annual costs of staffing and maintaining a CITES office and an effective presence at the biennial CoP gatherings remain unaffordable for many signatory nations.

While the modern history of environmental law is one of continuing controversy, by the end of the 20th Century, environmental law had been established as a component of the legal landscape in all developed nations of the world, many developing ones, and the larger project of international law.

While fascism opposes domestic class conflict, fascism believes that bourgeois-proletarian conflict primarily exists in national conflict between proletarian nations versus bourgeois nations.

While most of the nations of Western Europe had adopted bicameral parliaments by the end of the 19th century, in 1906 the Finns adopted a unicameral parliamentary system, and female citizens were included in universal suffrage.

While there are 68 total members of the International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ), 162 of 177 medals at the IIHF World Championships have been taken by these seven nations: Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Slovakia, Sweden and the United States.

While the nations still offer limited housing, today they are best described as student societies.

While in other nations the customs officials were responsible for most stops, in Mali, gendarmerie ( National paramilitary police ) and the Police force were found creating the majority of bribe extorting roadblocks.

While there have been reports of attempts by individuals to circumvent the ban, e. g. by smuggling CFCs from undeveloped to developed nations, the overall level of compliance has been high.

While the Office for National Statistics and others describe the United Kingdom as a " nation state ", others, including a then Prime Minister, describe it as a " multinational state ", and the term Home Nations is used to describe the four national teams that represent the four nations of the United Kingdom ( England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, Wales ).

While many reforms made during the Putin presidency have been generally criticized by Western nations as un-democratic, Putin's leadership over the return of order, stability, and progress has won him widespread popularity in Russia.

While client nations like Armenia and Judea were allowed to continue with some degree of autonomy under local kings, Pompey saw the Seleucids as too troublesome to continue ; and doing away with both rival Seleucid princes, he made Syria into a Roman province.

While Vietnam has remained relatively conflict-free since its Cambodia days, tensions have arisen in the past between Vietnam and its neighbors, especially in the case of China since both nations assert claims to the Spratly Islands, an archipelago in a potentially oil-rich area of the South China Sea.

While most examples of such conditions are found in developing countries, clothes made in industrialized nations may also be manufactured similarly, often staffed by undocumented immigrants.

While rates of smoking have over time leveled off or declined in the developed world, they continue to rise in developing nations.

While most first-world nations have a legal system of oversight for organ transplantation, the fact remains that demand far outstrips supply.

While Nigeria is most often the nation referred to in these scams, they may be originated in other nations as well.

While rules usually follow the FEI to some degree, history and tradition of various nations has also influenced competition rules within a given country.

While in Europe, Zhou studied the differing approaches to resolving class conflict adopted by various European nations.

While travelling on a photography expedition in the Spanish-speaking nations of Central America in 1875, the photographer advertised his works under the name " Eduardo Santiago Muybridge " in Guatemala.

While retaining their tribal governance, which included a constitution or official council in tribes such as the Iroquois and Cherokee, many portions of the southeastern Native American nations had become partially or completely economically integrated into the economy of the region.

While the latter ruling was famously defied by Jackson, the actions of the Jackson administration were not isolated because state and federal officials had violated treaties without consequence, often attributed to military exigency, as the members of individual Native American nations were not automatically United States citizens and were rarely given standing in any U. S. court.