[permalink] [id link]
While the effects of self-selection bias are closely related to those of selection bias, the problem arises for rather different reasons ; thus there may be a purposeful intent on the part of respondents leading to self-selection bias whereas other types of selection bias may arise more inadvertently, possibly as the result of mistakes by those designing any given study.
from
Wikipedia
Some Related Sentences
While and effects
While the use of paracetamol, aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen and other NSAIDS concurrently with weak to mid-range opiates ( up to about the hydrocodone level ) has been said to show beneficial synergistic effects by combatting pain at multiple sites of action, several combination analgesic products have been shown to have few efficacy benefits when compared to similar doses of their individual components.
While the atypical ( second-generation ) antipsychotics were marketed as offering greater efficacy in reducing psychotic symptoms while reducing side effects ( and Extrapyramidal symptoms in particular ) than typical medications, the results showing these effects often lacked robustness, and the assumption was increasingly challenged even as atypical prescriptions were soaring.
While they are not major teratogens, uncertainty remains as to whether they cause cleft palate in a small number of babies and whether neurobehavioural effects occur as a result of prenatal exposure ; they are known to cause withdrawal symptoms in the newborn.
While most implementations let light propagate on straight lines, applications exist to simulate relativistic spacetime effects.
While diffraction occurs whenever propagating waves encounter such changes, its effects are generally most pronounced for waves where the wavelength is roughly similar to the dimensions of the diffracting objects.
While most frequently used with electric or electronic instruments, effects can also be used with acoustic instruments, drums and vocals.
While there is currently no consensus on how to categorize effects, the following are seven common classifications: distortion, dynamics, filter, modulation, pitch / frequency, time-based and feedback / sustain.
While a business continuity plan ( BCP ) takes a broad approach to dealing with organizational-wide effects of a disaster, a disaster recovery plan ( DRP ), which is a subset of the business continuity plan, is instead focused on taking the necessary steps to resume normal business operations as quickly as possible.
While his mainstays were the Arbiter Fuzz Face and a Vox wah-wah pedal, Hendrix experimented with guitar effects as well.
While lanthanum has pharmacological effects on several receptors and ion channels, its specificity for the GABA receptor is unique among divalent cations.
While most mutagens produce effects that ultimately result in error in replication, some mutagens may affect directly the replication process.
While praising its efficiency, Smith also expressed concern about the effects of industrial labor ( e. g. repetitive activity ) on workers.
While the number of cars since 1989 has at least doubled, the policy of improving public transport gave good effects.
While quantum mechanics primarily applies to the atomic regimes of matter and energy, some systems exhibit quantum mechanical effects on a large scale-superfluidity, the frictionless flow of a liquid at temperatures near absolute zero, is one well-known example.
While race is understood to be a social construct by many, most scholars agree that race has real material effects in the lives of people through institutionalized practices of preference and discrimination.
While the direct illumination is generally best sampled using eye-based ray tracing, certain indirect effects can benefit from rays generated from the lights.
While it was possible to retouch and remaster some visual effects, others were recreated.
While the shot / reverse shot function of split screen comprises most of the running time of the film, the filmmakers also used split screen for other spatial, temporal and emotional effects.
While atypicals have fewer extrapyramidal side effects these differences are modest.
While most herbal teas are safe for regular consumption, some herbs have toxic or allergenic effects.
While the basic duties of toxicologists are to determine the effects of chemicals on organisms and their surroundings, specific job duties may vary based on industry and employment.
While many game companies went from FM synthesis or General MIDI in the early 1990s to CD audio and pre-rendered audio, many of the Epic games used the less common system of module music, composed with a tracker, which used stored PCM sound effects sequenced together to produce music.
While useful in practice, a more rigorous model accounting for effects such as screening and relaxation probabilities between energy levels gives the Auger energy as:
While this value of is calculated for an isolated atom, a simple modification can be made to account for matrix effects:
While and bias
While it does not bias the OLS coefficient estimates, the standard errors tend to be underestimated ( and the t-scores overestimated ) when the autocorrelations of the errors at low lags are positive.
While claims of racial bias in the writings of Rudolf Steiner and Alice Bailey were made, Bailey was firmly opposed to the Axis powers ; she believed that Adolf Hitler was possessed by the Dark Forces, and Steiner emphasized racial equality as a principle central to anthroposophical thought and humanity's progress.
While several people around the world discovered AC bias, it was the German developments that were widely used in practice and served as the model for future work.
While objectivity and a lack of bias are often considered important, some types of journalism, such as advocacy journalism, intentionally adopt a non-objective viewpoint.
While widely regarded as a reliable source, in the past some critics have accused Freedom House ’ s reports of bias or of promoting U. S. government interests abroad.
While most proto-human fossil sites are associated with wet conditions upon the death of the hominin, this is not seen as evidence for the AAH since being buried in waterside sediment is one of the rare situations in which fossilization is likely to occur ; paleontologists are aware of this preservation bias and expect fossils to be located near such sediments.
While liberal media watchdogs described the study as " riddled with flaws ," their opposite numbers had similarly commented on Newsweeks alleged liberal bias.
While the latter has been found to be more prevalent in individualistic cultures than collectivistic cultures, correspondence bias occurs across cultures, suggesting differences between the two terms.
While the two conclusions of this article may indicate that industry-funded ICER measures are lower methodological quality than those published by non-industry sources, there is also a possibility that, due to the nature of retrospective or other non-public work, publication bias may exist rather than methodology biases.
He wrote, " While the constitution guarantees to the accused a speedy trial, it is of greater importance that it should be by a fair and impartial jury, ex vi termini, a jury free from bias or prejudice, and, above all, from coercion and intimidation.
While most translations are made by committees of scholars in order to avoid bias or idiosyncrasy, translations are sometimes made by individuals.
While trait ascription bias has been described by empirical results from various disciplines, most notably psychology and social psychology, explaining the mechanism of the bias remains a contentious issue in the theory of personality description literature.
While this describes algorithms with one-sided errors, others might have no bias ; these are said to have two-sided errors.
While sources of alternative media can also be biased ( sometimes proudly so ), proponents claim that the bias is significantly different than that of the mainstream media because they have a different set of values, objectives, and frameworks.
While the author of the Historia Augusta drew from Herodian, he also censured him for bias, and Herodian was by no means Zosimus ’ first choice.
While some studies have supported this notion of a negative correlation between self-esteem and in-group bias, other researchers have found that individuals with low self-esteem have a higher prejudice to both in-group and out-group members.
While the avalanche recovery circuit is quenching the avalanche and restoring bias, the SPAD cannot detect photons.
While the events were greatly viewed as an important function for the drag queen / impersonation community as its feature not only just a drag ball party but also a talent competition, however the events are viewed as bias as it favours and only hiring and promoting non-Canadian performers thus ignoring local Canadian talents and markets.
While the authors reported an overall positive effect size that was statistically significant, it was small relative to the sample size and might be explained by publication bias.
“ The materials in The Tiananmen Papers ,” he concedes, “ have gone through a series of processes, each of which brought the final product further away from the raw material of what happened .” While the selection bias does not necessarily infringe on the assumed authenticity of the book, it is biased in favour of the political agenda of the compiler.
0.787 seconds.