While virtually independent, at the federal level, the parties form a common CDU / CSU fraction.

While he supported the idea of federal appropriations for science, he took exception to a federal bill that would have funded engineering research at land-grant colleges, and instead sought to raise a $ 1 million national research fund entirely from private sources.

While landline and mobile telephone providers must also be majority-owned by Canadians under the federal Telecommunications Act, the CRTC is not responsible for enforcement of this provision.

While the pending Second Chance Act which may change this, at present the only relief that an individual prosecuted in federal court may receive is a Presidential Pardon, which does not expunge the conviction, but rather grants relief from the civil disabilities that stem from it.

While most of his proposals-" to abandon the gold standard, let international exchange rates float, use federal surpluses and deficits as macroeconomic policy tools that could counter cyclical trends, and establish bureaus of economic statistics ( including a consumer price index ) in order to facilitate this effort "-are now conventional practice, his critique of fractional-reserve banking still " remains outside the bounds of conventional wisdom ".

While investigating the VIN from an axle of the truck used in the explosion and the remnants of the license plate, federal agents were able to link the truck to a specific Ryder rental agency in Junction City.

While state courts must follow decisions of the United States Supreme Court on issues of federal law, federal courts must follow decisions of the courts of each state on issues of that state's law.

While it achieved minimal support in western Germany, it regularly won 15 % to 25 % of the vote in eastern Germany, entering coalition governments ( with the Social Democratic Party ) in the federal states of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern and Berlin.

While contemporary sources will still speak of early prime ministers of Canada as premier, the modern practice is such that the federal head of government is known almost exclusively as the prime minister, while the provincial heads of government are termed premiers ( save for within Quebec and New Brunswick, where the premiers are addressed in French as Premier ministre du, literally translated as Prime Minister of ).

While addressing the officers and cadets at the Naval War College, general Karamat stressed the creation of National Security Council which would be backed by a " team of civil-military experts " for devising policies to seek resolution ongoing problems relating the civil-military issues ; also recommended a " neutral but competent bureaucracy and administration of at federal level and the establishment of Local governments in four provinces.

While the Constitution of the Soviet Union described that union as a " unitary, federal and multinational state ", it was in reality a unitary state as each Soviet Socialist Republic was dominated by the Communist Party.

While he campaigned for Conservative candidates in the 1917 federal election he did not stand for re-election himself.

While usability is not mandated by federal regulations, it has become a best practice in government and industry.

While the amount mentioned in the amendment ($ 20 ) has not been indexed or adjusted for inflation, Congress has never extended federal diversity jurisdiction to amounts that small, and the amendment is one of the few portions of the Bill of Rights never to have been incorporated by the Supreme Court of the United States.

While many state constitutions are modeled after the United States Constitution and federal laws, those state constitutions did not necessarily include provisions comparable to the Bill of Rights.

While he supported the idea of a federal income tax, Hughes believed the words " from whatever source derived " in the proposed amendment implied that the federal government would have the power to tax state and municipal bonds.

While the Vice President's only constitutionally prescribed functions aside from Presidential succession relate to his role as President of the Senate, the office is commonly viewed as a component of the executive branch of the federal government.

While there are currently no federal drinking water standards for perchlorate, some states have established public health goals, or action levels, and some are in the process of establishing state maximum contaminant levels.

While most of the work performed by LLNL is funded by the federal government, Laboratory employees are paid by LLNS which is responsible for all aspects of their employment including providing health care benefits and retirement programs.

While the Court did not declare preclearance unconstitutional, the decision redefined the law to allow any political subdivision covered by Section 5 to request exemption from federal review.

While some of the programs have been eliminated or had their funding reduced, many of them, including Medicare, Medicaid, the Older Americans Act and federal education funding, continue to the present.

While the Osage did not escape the federal policy of allotting communal tribal land to individual tribal members, they negotiated to retain communal mineral rights to the reservation lands.

While he was heir-apparent — 1865 to 1881 — Alexander did not play a prominent part in public affairs, but allowed it to become known that he had ideas which did not coincide with the principles of the existing government.

While in government work, he helped develop the metric system to secure uniformity of weights and measures throughout France.

While Greek states had in the past often been ruled by tyrants, this was a form of arbitrary government that was on the decline.

While Gulbuddin Hekmatyar, an Islamist extremist enjoying the backing of neighboring Pakistan, pushed for continued violent struggle against the Afghan government, Massoud and Rabbani advocated for a peaceful political campaign lobbying officials working for the government and armed forces.

While the Habsburgs were driven out, many of their minor nobles were allowed to keep their lands and offices, though over time they lost power to the Bernese government.

While most Anabaptists adhered to a literal interpretation of the Sermon on the Mount which precluded taking oaths, participating in military actions, and participating in civil government, some who practiced re-baptism felt contrariwise.

While government authorities prepared lists of aliens for deportation, many aliens fled the country during the debate over the Alien and Sedition Acts, and Adams never signed a deportation order.

While some argued for the seat of government to move to Berlin, others advocated leaving it in Bonn — a situation roughly analogous to that of the Netherlands, where Amsterdam is the capital but The Hague is the seat of government.

While the government and parliament moved to Berlin, as a compromise, some of the ministries ( such as Defence and Agriculture ) largely remained in Bonn, with only the top officials in Berlin.

While Disraeli's government survived until the December general election, the initiative had passed to the Liberals, who were returned to power with a majority of 170.

While they had yet to become electable as a government, they underlined their growing reputation as a worthwhile alternative to Labour and Conservative, offering plenty of debate in parliament and not just representing a protest vote.

While many scientific experts might agree on a common definition of the term " coast ", the delineation of the extents of a coast differ according to jurisdiction, with many scientific and government authorities in various countries differing for economic and social policy reasons.

While perhaps lightly competing against each other, they will present a unified front ( sometimes called a trade association or industry trade group ) to the government in requesting subsidies or aid or regulation.

While the government doesn't restrict foreign land ownership, it does strongly enforce its immigration laws.

While this type of independence is more common, many central banks prefer to announce their policy goals in partnership with the appropriate government departments.

While he supported the idea of government by an all-powerful sage, ruling as an Emperor, his ideas contained a number of elements to limit the power of rulers.

The power of making by-laws was “ tacitly annexed to corporations by the very act of their establishment .” While they must not directly contradict the overarching laws of the land, the central or local government cannot be expected to regulate toward the peculiar circumstances of a given body, and so “ they are invested with authority to make regulations for the management of their own interests and affairs .”

While other theories may insist on the truth of the former, the latter precept of congregationalism gives the entire theory a unique character among plans of church government.

While other forms of church government are more likely to define " tyranny " as " the imposition of unjust rule ", a congregationally-governed church would more likely define tyranny as " transgression of liberty " or equivalently, " rule by one man ".

While responding, CERT members are temporary volunteer government workers.

While the new ex-colonial states appeared to follow the blueprint of the idealized state-centralized government, territory enclosed by defined borders, and citizenry with defined rights -, as well as accessories such as a national flag, an anthem, a seat at the United Nations and an official economic policy, they were in actuality far weaker than the Western states they were modeled after.

While their numbers did not pose a serious threat to the government, they scared the Rump into action and a Treasons Act was passed against them in 1649.

While the CIA and MI6 and the People's Liberation Army of China financed the operation along with the Pakistan government against the Soviet Union Eventually the Soviet Union began looking for a withdrawal route and in 1988 Geneva Accords were signed between Communist-Afghanistan and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ; under the terms Soviet troops were to withdraw.