While nations often strive for substantive harmony to facilitate cross-national distribution, philosophical differences about the optimal extent of regulation can be a hindrance ; more restrictive regulations seem appealing on an intuitive level, but critics decry the tradeoff cost in terms of slowing access to life-saving developments.

While perhaps lightly competing against each other, they will present a unified front ( sometimes called a trade association or industry trade group ) to the government in requesting subsidies or aid or regulation.

While government regulation of the use of this professional title is less universal than for " dietician ", the field is supported by many high-level academic programs, up to and including the Doctoral level, and has its own voluntary certification board, professional associations, and peer-reviewed journals, e. g. the American Society for Nutrition and the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.

While the Patriots possessed the ball, trailing the Raiders 13 – 10 with under two minutes left in regulation and no time outs, Tom Brady was sacked by defensive back Charles Woodson, and appeared to fumble the ball.

While Hardin recommended that the tragedy of the commons could be prevented by either more government regulation or privatizing the commons property, subsequent Nobel Prize-winning work by Elinor Ostrom suggests that handing control of local areas to national and international regulators can create further problems .< ref name =" non-tragedy ">

While The Supreme Court has generally refused to give obscenity any protection under the First Amendment, pornography is subject to little regulation.

While OSHA, MSHA, and FRA provide guidelines to limit noise exposure on the job, there is essentially no regulation or enforcement of sound output for recreational sources and environments, such as sports arenas, musical venues, bars, etc.

While Lessig remains skeptical of government intervention, he favors regulation by calling himself " a constitutionalist ".

An alternative definition uses job security as the measure of formality, defining participants in the informal economy as those ' who do not have employment security, work security and social security .” While both of these definitions imply a lack of choice or agency in involvement with the informal economy, participation may also be driven by a wish to avoid regulation or taxation.

While learning new skills, gymnasts often work on low beams that have the same dimensions and surface of regulation apparatus, but are set a very short distance from the ground.

Property in the form of businesses also had regulations on them ; taverns, ferries and coach lines, for example, were often heavily regulated in both England and the North American colonies .” While our founders regarded the right to own property as sacrosanct, they certainly did not regard that right as implying immunity from regulation.

While epigenetic regulation is necessary for driving cellular differentiation, they are certainly not sufficient for this process.

While he agreed traditional bank regulation was unable to protect commercial banks from nonbank competition, Richard Vietor noted the economic and financial instability that began in the mid-1960s both slowed economic growth and savings ( reducing the demand for and supply of credit ) and induced financial innovations that undermined commercial banks.

' While multinationals will certainly see a low tax burden or low labor costs as an element of comparative advantage, Bhagwati disputes the existence of evidence suggesting that MNCs deliberately avail themselves of lax environmental regulation or poor labor standards.

While it is well-established that leptin is involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response, it has been further theorized that leptin's role as an inflammatory marker is to respond specifically to adipose-derived inflammatory cytokines.

While marketers have always hoped to achieve positive word-of-mouth, intentional marketing relying on such techniques is subject to regulation in some jurisdictions.

While some provinces have been very restrictive with their bar regulation, setting strict closing times and banning the removal of alcohol from the premises, other provinces have been more liberal.

While independent prep schools in the United States are not subject to government oversight or regulation, they are accredited by one of the six regional accreditation agencies for educational institutions.

While privately owned, the Bank-i-Melli was given power over currency regulation and acted as a de facto government organisation.

While serving as a Texas state representative for twelve years, Wilson battled for the regulation of utilities, fought for Medicaid, tax exemptions for the elderly, the Equal Rights Amendment, and attempted to raise the state's minimum wage.

While the modern scheme of legislation and regulation engenders a comprehensive approach to enforcement and worker participation for health and safety matters, the common law remains relevant for getting civil law compensation, and some limits on an employers ' duties.

To accomplish this “ comprehensive regulation ”, the proposed legislation would repeal many of the provisions of the CFMA, including all of the exclusions and exemptions discussed in Sections 4 above that have been identified as the “ Enron Loophole .” While the proposed legislation would generally retain the “ legal certainty ” provisions of the CFMA, it would establish new requirements for parties dealing in non -“ standardized ” OTC derivatives and would require that “ standardized ” OTC derivatives be traded through a regulated trading facility and cleared through regulated central clearing.

While Aβ's role in LTD regulation has not been clearly understood, it has been found that soluble Aβ facilitates hippocampal LTD and is mediated by a decrease in glutamate recycling at hippocampal synapses.

While some in the wise use movement have strongly anti-environmental views, others assert that the free market, rather than government regulation, will better protect the environment.

While all prokaryotes reproduce asexually ( without the formation and fusion of gametes ), mechanisms for lateral gene transfer such as conjugation, transformation and transduction are sometimes likened to sexual reproduction.

While the Darwin Awards are named after Charles Darwin, due to his theory of natural selection, there is no evidence that the stories depicted actually represent the removal of " judgement impairment genes " from the gene pool.

While some genetically modified plants are developed by the introduction of a gene originating from distant, sexually incompatible species into the host genome, cisgenic plants contain genes that have been isolated either directly from the host species or from sexually compatible species.

While plants do utilise many of the same epigenetic mechanisms as animals, such as chromatin remodeling, it has been hypothesised that plant cells do not have " memories ", resetting their gene expression patterns at each cell division using positional information from the environment and surrounding cells to determine their fate.

While traditional microbiology and microbial genome sequencing rely upon cultivated clonal cultures, early environmental gene sequencing cloned specific genes ( often the 16S rRNA gene ) to produce a profile of diversity in a natural sample.

While the LaPerm gene is a simple dominant, the Selkirk gene ( Se ) acts as an incomplete dominant ; incompletely dominant, allele pairs produce three possible genotypes and phenotypes: heterozygous cats ( Sese ) may have a fuller coat that is preferred in the show ring, while homozygous cats ( SeSe ) may have a tighter curl and less coat volume.

While the functional dihydrofolate reductase gene has been mapped to chromosome 5, multiple intronless processed pseudogenes or dihydrofolate reductase-like genes have been identified on separate chromosomes.

While only 1 percent of people with factor V Leiden have two copies of the defective gene, these homozygous individuals have a more severe clinical condition.

While some degree of gene flow occurs in the course of normal evolution, hybridization with or without introgression may threaten a rare species ' existence nonetheless.

While RNA interference relies on cellular components for efficacy ( e. g. the Dicer proteins, the RISC complex ) a simple alternative for gene knockdown is Morpholino antisense oligos.

While forward genetic screens are productive, a more straightforward approach is to simply determine the phenotype that results from mutating a given gene.

While organisms have ancestry graphs and progeny graphs via sexual reproduction, a gene has a single chain of ancestors and a tree of descendants.

While information in cDNA libraries is a powerful and useful tool since gene products are easily identified, the libraries lack information about enhancers, introns, and other regulatory elements found in a genomic DNA library.

While the resultant gene flow is presently no cause for concern,

While director of the Psi Corps, Kevin Vacit arranged for his daughter Fiona to be broken out of a rogue telepath reeducation camp, as a part of his campaign to actually nurture the resistance, believing at the time that the competition between the rogues and the Corps would strengthen the telepaths ' gene pool through natural selection.

While crossbreeding is used to maintain health and viability of animals, irresponsible crossbreeding can also produce animals of inferior quality or dilute a purebred gene pool to the point of extinction of a given breed of animal.

While he did not advocate abortion, he did describe homosexuality as " a grave departure from the natural norm which we are charged to overcome like any other affliction "; if there were genetic explanations for homosexuality, " the errant gene " should be " removed or repaired " in order to prevent the " disability ".

While most of the research on IGF-1 has focused on potentially alleviating the symptoms of patients with muscular dystrophy, the primary focus from a gene doping perspective is its ability to increase the rate of cell growth, in particular muscle cells.

While over 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) have been identified in the CYP3A4 gene, it has been found that this does not translate into significant interindividual variability in vivo.

While it is not yet known exactly what selective advantage is provided by this gene variant, the haplogroup D allele is thought to be positively selected in populations and to confer some substantial advantage that has caused its frequency to rapidly increase.

While organisms have ancestry graphs and progeny graphs via sexual reproduction, a gene has a single chain of ancestors and a tree of descendants.