While transcription was classically thought to occur only from DNA to RNA, reverse transcriptase transcribes RNA into DNA.

While important genes participating in the DNA to RNA transcription, protein translation and DNA / RNA replication are retained.

While transcription of prokaryotic protein-coding genes creates messenger RNA ( mRNA ) that is ready for translation into protein, transcription of eukaryotic genes leaves a primary transcript of RNA ( pre-mRNA ), which first has to undergo series of modification to become a mature mRNA.

While working on the transcription, Ravel was informed that the movements had already been orchestrated by Spanish conductor Enrique Arbós, and that copyright law prevented any other arrangement from being made.

While this scheme is mostly accepted by a majority of Russian authors and publishers, transcription variants are not uncommon.

While RORs activate transcription of Bmal1, REV-ERBs repress the same transcription process.

While this region is able to activate gene transcription without ligand, this activation is weak and more selective compared to the activation provided by the E domain.

" While You Were Art II " is a Synclavier performance based on a transcription of Zappa's improvised guitar solo on the track " While You Were Out " from the Shut Up ' n Play Yer Guitar album.

While the exact mechanism through which Pol I increases its rate of transcription is yet unknown, evidence has shown that rRNA synthesis can increase or decrease without changes in the number of actively transcribed rDNA.

While transcription factors control which cells express DAT, functional regulation of this protein is largely accomplished by kinases.

While the precise control mechanism has not yet been established, FOX proteins belong to the forkhead / winged-helix family of transcriptional regulators and are presumed to exert control via similar DNA binding interactions during transcription.

While several NRs act as ligand-inducible transcription factors, many do not yet have a defined ligand and are accordingly termed " orphan " receptors.

While much smaller than the large chromosome, the two plasmids account for most of the 91 insertion sequences and include genes for a DNA polymerase, seven transcription factors, genes in potassium and phosphate uptake, and cell division.

While Zhuyin is not used as a mainstream writing system, it is still often used in ways similar to a romanization system — that is, for aiding in pronunciation and as an input method for Chinese characters on computers and cellphones.

* Egg roll – While native Chinese spring rolls have a thin crispy skin with mushrooms, bamboo, and other vegetables inside, the Westernized version ( specifically the version found in such American Northeast metro areas as Boston and New York ) uses a thick, fried skin stuffed with cabbage and usually bits of meat or seafood ( such as pork or shrimp ), but no egg.

While the phonetic system is easy to learn, choosing appropriate Chinese characters slows typing speed.

While saltpeter was called " Chinese Snow " by Arabs, it was called " Chinese salt " by the Iranians / Persians.

While the Manchus followed the governmental structure of the preceding Ming dynasty, their ethnic policy dictated that appointments were split between Manchu noblemen and Han Chinese officials who had passed the highest levels of the state examinations, and because of the small number of Manchus, this insured that a large fraction of them would be government officials.

While it is true that some of the cognate sets presented by supporters of the Sino-Bodic hypothesis are confined to Chinese and Bodic, many others are found in Tibeto-Burman languages generally and thus do not serve as evidence for a special relationship between Chinese and Bodic.

While his duty did not include combat, he claims to have witnessed acts of war between Chinese and Japanese soldiers.

While there is doubt about the level of Songtsän Gampo's interest in Buddhism, it is known that he married a Chinese Tang Dynasty Buddhist princess, Wencheng, who came to Tibet with a statue of Shakyamuni Buddha.

While kanji are essentially Chinese hanzi used to write Japanese, there are now significant differences between kanji used in Japanese and Chinese characters used in Chinese.

While taking the city, the Portuguese slaughter a large community of Chinese merchants living there.

* While engaged in a war with the Mongols, the Song Chinese official Li Zengbo writes in his Kozhai Zagao, Xugaohou that the city of Qingzhou is manufacturing one to two thousand strong iron-cased gunpowder bomb shells a month, dispatching to Xiangyang and Yingzhou about ten to twenty thousand such bombs at a time.

While most of the Tang army was made of fubing Chinese conscripts, the majority of the troops led by Turkic generals were of non-Chinese origin, campaigning largely in the western frontier where the presence of fubing troops was low.

While it continues to be lauded to be the major force that defeated " imperialism and feudalism " and created a " New China " by the Communist Party of China, the ideology survives only in name on the Communist Party's Constitution ; Deng Xiaoping abolished most Maoist practices in 1978, advancing a guiding ideology called " Socialism with Chinese characteristics.

While Aristotle, Theon of Alexandria, Al-Kindi ( Alkindus ) and Chinese philosopher Mozi had earlier described the effects of a single light passing through a pinhole, none of them suggested that what is being projected onto the screen is an image of everything on the other side of the aperture.

While not a direct derivative, the Chinese Shenzhou spacecraft follows the basic template originally pioneered by Soyuz.

While the extent of Prince Asaka's responsibility for the massacre remains a matter of debate, the ultimate sanction for the massacre and the crimes committed during the invasion of China were issued in Emperor Hirohito's ratification of the Japanese army's proposition to remove the constraints of international law on the treatment of Chinese prisoners on August 5, 1937.

While Roman handwriting has influenced American and European text, different writing systems have developed in the East, including Chinese and Japanese.

While scholars are still debating the subject, there is a growing acceptance that the simple spiral, when found in Chinese art, is an early symbol for the sun.

While the western powers were in session to mediate the situation, the Chinese troops were making their final stand in Shanghai and had all hopes for a western intervention that would save China from collapse.

While in the fort he only communicated with the outside world by a crevice through which food would be passed and he would say a few words.

" While " lord it over " implies abusive leadership, his words " exercise authority " have no connotation of abuse of authority.

While traditionally accepted as the genuine words of Moses delivered on the eve of the occupation of Canaan, a broad consensus of modern scholars now see its origins in traditions from Israel ( the northern kingdom ) brought south to the Kingdom of Judah in the wake of the Assyrian destruction of Samaria ( 8th century BCE ) and then adapted to a program of nationalist reform in the time of King Josiah ( late 7th century ), with the final form of the modern book emerging in the milieu of the return from the Babylonian exile during the late 6th century.

While masculine, feminine, and neuter genders are recognized, nouns do not normally decline for gender, though some nouns, especially Latin words and personal names, exist in multiple forms corresponding to different genders: Alumnus ( male, singular )/ Alumna ( female, singular ); Andrew / Andrea, Paul / Paula, etc.

While not one of George Carlin's original seven dirty words, he noted in a later routine that the word fart, ought to be added to " the list " of words that were not acceptable ( for broadcast ) in any context ( which have non-offensive meanings ), and described television as ( then ) a " fart-free zone ".

While recovering from this surgery in the infirmary, he was moved to write the words of Invictus.

While he was in prison, Pope Pius IX sent Davis a portrait inscribed with the Latin words, " Venite ad me omnes qui laboratis, et ego reficiam vos, dicit Dominus ", which comes from Matthew 11: 28 and translates as, " Come to me all ye who labor and are heavy burdened and I will give you rest, sayeth the Lord.

While the crowd was rioting in the streets, Justinian considered fleeing the capital, but he remained in the city on the stirring words of Theodora ( according to Procopius, she said " For an Emperor to become a fugitive is not a thing to be endured ... I hold with the old saying that the purple makes an excellent shroud ".

While in jail, Rohtul discovers Earth Batman's weakness and plans to use it against him as Rodon-powered Earthlings are weak against Quartz ( in other words, Rodon and Quartz don't mix ).

While words are generally accepted as being ( with clitics ) the smallest units of syntax, it is clear that in most languages, if not all, words can be related to other words by rules ( grammars ).

While phonemes are normally conceived of as abstractions of discrete segmental speech sounds ( vowels and consonants ), there are other features of pronunciation – principally tone and stress – which in some languages can change the meaning of words in the way that phoneme contrasts do, and are consequently called phonemic features of those languages.

While Western Pomerania was being the Germanized, the Germans ( both colonizers and Germanized descendants of Slavic Pomeranians ) started using the words “ Pomeranian ” ( German: Pommersch ; Polish: pomorski ) and “ Pomeranians ” ( German: Pommern ; Polish: Pomorzacy ) referring to their own population.

While there was an initial interest in 100 words per minute operation, many Amateur Radio operators moved back to 60 words per minute.

While the old German-derived labels “ Wend ” and “ Wendish ”, which once denoted “ Slav ( ic )” generally, have been retained in American and Australian communities, they are today mostly unusual in place of “ Sorb ” and “ Sorbian ” with reference to Sorbian communities in Germany, because many Sorbs consider such words to be offensive.

" While some words eventually lose their status as slang ( the word " mob ", for example, began as a shortening of Latin mobile vulgus ), others continue to be considered as such by most speakers.

While spoonerisms are commonly heard as slips of the tongue resulting from unintentionally getting one's words in a tangle, they can also be used intentionally as a play on words.

While most of the words introduced to the language by the TDK were newly derived from Turkic roots, it also opted for reviving Old Turkish words which had not been used for centuries.

While Hobbes justifies absolute monarchy, this work is the first to posit that the temporal power of a monarch comes about, not because God has ordained that he be monarch, but because his subjects have freely yielded their own power and freedom to him-in other words, Hobbes replaces the divine right of kings with an early formulation of the social contract.