While the Chicago River historically handled much of the region's waterborne cargo, today's huge lake freighters use the city's Lake Calumet Harbor on the South Side.

While the original Grand Guignol attempted to present naturalistic horror, the performances would seem melodramatic and heightened to today's audience.

While the classic guidelines still apply, today's anti-guerrilla forces need to accept a more disruptive, disorderly and ambiguous mode of operation.

While the Eve of Pentecost was traditionally a day of fasting for Catholics, today's canon law no longer requires it.

While the fundamental technology underlying the Marathon engine is still considered rather outdated by today's standards, Aleph One has added significant improvements and a more modern polish to its capabilities and ported it to a wide variety of platforms, bringing Marathon and its derivatives far beyond their Mac roots.

While Germany had a semi-presidential system during the Weimar Republic, today's presidential office is mainly supervising and ceremonial, with the Chancellor of Germany generally seen as wielding the effective power and guideline authority in everyday politics.

While not much by today's standards, in the 1980s this was largely unheard of.

While government policy and public debate in France in recent years has returned to a valorization of regional differences and a call for decentralization of certain aspects of the public sphere ( sometimes with ethnic, racial or reactionary overtones ), the history of regional displacement and the nature of the modern urban environment and of mass media and culture have made the preservation of a regional " sense of place or culture " in today's France extremely difficult.

While stationed at Tubac ( 1760 – 1776 ), de Anza built the chapel of Santa Gertrudis, the foundations of which lie beneath today's St. Ann's Church.

While only six teams raced in 1923, today's Rangeland Derby consists of 36 teams competing for $ 1. 15 million in prize money.

While both Michelangelo and a painting of the Swiss Guard bearing Pope Julius II on a litter ( by Raphael ) are often cited as inspiration for the Swiss Guard uniform, the actual uniforms worn by those soldiers are of the style which appears by today's standards as a large skirt, a common style in uniforms during the Renaissance.

While most modern telemark skis are virtually identical to today's alpine skis, they differ in one critical way ; the heel of the skier's boot is detached from the ski.

While energy-saving features have been instituted in personal computers for when they are idle, the overall consumption of today's high-performance CPUs is considerable.

While no such complete system has ever become common in milk production, many of its features are in everyday use in today's rotary milking parlors.

While the vast majority of correspondence art or mail art activities take place in the mail, today's new forms of electronic communication blur the edges of that forum.

While the kibbutzim lasted for several generations as utopian communities, most of today's kibbutzim are scarcely different from the capitalist enterprises and regular towns to which the kibbutzim were originally supposed to be alternatives.

While the Sonett V4 was assembled in Sweden, nearly the entire production was exported to the United States, with a Manufacturer's Suggested Retail Price of between US $ 3, 200 and US $ 3, 800 ($ to $ in today's dollars ).

While the terms " scientific management " and " Taylorism " are often treated as synonymous, an alternative view considers Taylorism as the first form of scientific management, which was followed by new iterations ; thus in today's management theory, Taylorism is sometimes called ( or considered a subset of ) the classical perspective ( meaning a perspective that's still respected for its seminal influence although it is no longer state-of-the-art ).

While today's classical music tradition in Iran bears the same names of some of the modes of that era it is impossible to know if they sound the same because there is no evidence of musical notation from the Sassanid period.

While never reaching a level of accuracy comparable to today's standards of timekeeping, the water clock was the most accurate and commonly used timekeeping device for millennia, until it was replaced by more accurate pendulum clocks in 17th century Europe.

While some have argued that the Pennsylvania System was Quaker-inspired, there is little evidence to support this ; the organization that promoted Eastern State's creation, the Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons ( today's Pennsylvania Prison Society ) was in fact less than half Quaker, and was led for nearly fifty years by Philadelphia's Anglican bishop, William White.

While their research was never incorporated in any aircraft at that time, the crude HUD mockup they built had all the features of today's modern HUD units.

While some Native American artists criticized the award category for being " too narrowly defined to accommodate the breadth of today's Indian music ", others took pride in its inclusion.

While today's radios are amazing pieces of modern technology, filled with low-power, high performance, integrated circuits crammed into the smallest spaces, the basic principle of the radio receiver is practically always the superheterodyne one, the same idea which was developed by Edwin Armstrong back in 1918.

While he supported the idea of federal appropriations for science, he took exception to a federal bill that would have funded engineering research at land-grant colleges, and instead sought to raise a $ 1 million national research fund entirely from private sources.

While President of Texas A & M, Rudder is credited for transforming the University from a small land-grant college to a renowned university.

While being a commonwealth campus of the state land-grant university, since 1997 it has offered baccalaureate degrees independently from The Pennsylvania State University University Park campus in partnership with a neighboring campus under the title of Berks and Lehigh Valley College.

While George Mason University is young compared to established research universities in Virginia, it has grown rapidly, reaching an enrollment of 30, 714 students in 2008.

While the cost of supporting and hosting the project is high, OCW expanded in 2005 to include other universities as a part of the OpenCourseWare Consortium, which currently includes more than 250 academic institutions with content available in least six languages.

While many universities and professional sports teams ( for example, the Cleveland Indians, who had a Chief Wahoo ) no longer use such images without consultation and approval by the respective nation, some lower-level schools continue to do so.

While the universities share some infrastructure, they remain separate institutions.

While Rose is not considered in the doctoral institution rankings, Stanford University's Hoover Institute fellow, Thomas Sowell, mentioned Rose – Hulman as one of the best smaller universities to consider, noting that graduate engineering deans have ranked its graduates ahead of many top schools with PhD programs, such as Duke, Princeton, UCLA, and the University of Pennsylvania.

While many regionally accredited colleges and universities offer paramedic programs only a handful require a formal degree component prior to completion.

While the majority of public policy degrees are master's and doctoral degrees, several universities also offer undergraduate education in public policy.

While teaching gerontology at several Oregon universities, Wyden founded the Oregon chapter of the Gray Panthers ; which he led from 1974 to 1980.

While many other universities have law and business schools or satellite campuses within the central business district, the University of Adelaide is unique among Australian sandstone universities for having its main presence adjacent to the main business and shopping precinct.

While there are over 100 Land-grant universities in the United States, she has stated that she would like Michigan State University to be the leader.

While fees for out-of-state residents for the 2010-2011 academic year are $ 13, 924, tuition at Wichita State for Kansas residents placed it as the exemplary public university, slightly beneath the weighted average tuition among Kansas's six public four-year universities.

While the decision cost O ' Neill some support among older voters in his home district, he benefited from new support among students and faculty members at the many colleges and universities there.

While TNS is a national for-profit advocacy group for Naturism, NAC is a non-profit donor-supported organization that promotes and defends naturist interests in the courts, before legislative bodies, at universities, and to local business communities.

While in recent years the Government has eased some restrictions, thereby enabling Bahá ' ís to obtain food-ration booklets and send their children to public elementary and secondary schools, the prohibition against the admission of Bahá ' ís to universities remains.

While most member programs the International Public Debate Association are associated with colleges or universities, participation in IPDA tournaments is open to anyone whose education level is equivalent to seventh-grade or higher.

While, unlike some other universities, Harvard did not require Greek or Latin for entrance, they were worth double credits towards admission, and students like Conant who had studied Latin were awarded an A. B.

While it was placed 77th overall by the Academic Ranking of World Universities and 112th by QS World University Rankings, it was not included among the top 200 universities by recent Times Higher World University Rankings and came in at 296th ( based on the full THE World University Rankings in their iPhone application ).

While exemptions were originally granted to chapters in danger of losing recognition with their universities, the Beta Iota Chapter at Wittenberg University proved otherwise.

While involving scholars at several Chicago area universities, the term is often used interchangeably to refer to the University of Chicago's sociology department — one of the oldest and one of the most prestigious.

While the War of Spanish Succession was still being fought, the Duke had entrusted his officials to gather information concerning the structure of the major Italian and foreign universities, and charged the Sicilian jurist Francesco D ' Aguirre with the task of drawing up a reorganization project.

While many of the dorkbot groups hold their meetings at universities and students are encouraged to attend, dorkbot meetings are not restricted in any way to the academic community.

" While there were a few coeducational colleges ( such as Oberlin College founded in 1833, Lawrence University in 1847, Antioch College in 1853, and Bates College in 1855 ), most colleges and universities of high standing at that time were exclusively for men.