Christopher Boyce, who was convicted for spying for the Soviet Union while an employee for a CIA contractor, claimed that the CIA wanted Whitlam removed from office because he threatened to close US military bases in Australia, including Pine Gap.

Boyce claimed the CIA wanted Whitlam removed from office because he wanted to close U. S. military bases in Australia, including the vital Pine Gap secure communications facility, and withdraw Australian troops from Vietnam.

In early 1967, Arthur Calwell retired as ALP leader and Gough Whitlam succeeded him.

An illustrative example is the Australian constitutional crises of 1975, when the Governor-General of Australia, Sir John Kerr, dismissed Prime Minister Gough Whitlam on his own reserve power authority and replaced him with Opposition Leader Malcolm Fraser.

Whitlam believed that Kerr would not dismiss him, and Kerr did nothing to disabuse Whitlam.

By March 1975, many Liberal parliamentarians felt that Snedden was doing an inadequate job as Leader of the Opposition, and that Whitlam was dominating him in the House of Representatives.

He believed nothing he said would influence Whitlam, and feared that if Whitlam perceived him as a possible opponent, the Prime Minister would procure his dismissal from the Queen.

The Opposition leader told him that if Kerr did not dismiss Whitlam, the Opposition planned to criticise him in Parliament for failing to carry out his duty.

The Governor-General decided that as Whitlam could not secure supply, and would not resign or advise an election for the House of Representatives, he would have to sack him.

As Kerr feared that Whitlam might advise the Queen to dismiss him, he considered it important that Whitlam be given no hint of the impending action.

Seeking confirmation of his decision, he contacted the Chief Justice, Sir Garfield Barwick, met with him and asked for his views of a dismissal of Whitlam.

On 9 November, Fraser contacted Whitlam and invited him to negotiations with the Coalition aimed at settling the dispute.

Whitlam was dismissive and after the meeting broke, telephoned Kerr to tell him that he needed an appointment to advise him to hold a half-Senate election.

According to Fraser, Kerr asked him whether, if he were commissioned Prime Minister, he could secure supply, would immediately thereafter advise a double-dissolution election, and would refrain from new policies and investigations of the Whitlam Government pending the election.

In their accounts of their meeting, both men agree that Kerr then told Whitlam that his commission as Prime Minister was withdrawn under Section 64 of the Constitution, and handed him a letter and statement of reasons.

After Whitlam left, Kerr called in Fraser, informed him of the dismissal, and asked if he would form a caretaker government, to which Fraser agreed.

Fraser's new government suffered repeated defeats in the House, which passed a motion of no confidence in him, and asked the Speaker, Gordon Scholes, to urge the Governor-General to recommission Whitlam.

Whitlam later stated that it would have been wiser for Scholes to take the appropriation bills with him, rather than having them sent ahead.

Evatt retired in 1960, and Calwell succeeded him as Leader, with Gough Whitlam as his deputy.

Whitlam appointed him shadow minister for trade and industry.

This, plus Cairns ' pre-existing reservations about the loan, prompted him to discuss the issue once again with Whitlam, who then agreed that Connor's dealings with Khemlani should come to an end.

The Governor of Queensland, Sir Colin Hannah, gave a speech denigrating the Whitlam Government on 15 October, in violation of the convention that state governors remain neutral.

Whitlam had offered to extend his term, but Hasluck declined, citing his wife's refusal to remain at Yarralumla longer than the originally agreed five years.

In 1974, he was offered an extension of his term by the Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam, and he was willing to serve an extra two years, but Lady Hasluck ( as she then was ) refused to remain at Yarralumla longer than the originally agreed five years.

McMahon lost his nerve, and in the December 1972 election campaign, he was outperformed by Whitlam and subjected to further humiliation in the press.

Whitlam, now Leader of the Opposition, refused all invitations to events at Yarralumla, which the Kerrs continued to extend until his refusal of an invitation during the Queen's 1977 visit caused them to feel that no further efforts need be made.

Beset by economic difficulties at the time and the negative political impact which the Loans Affair conjured, the Whitlam Government was very vulnerable to further assaults on its credibility.

However, the Australian Prime Minister at the time, Gough Whitlam, insisted that the second pronunciation was the correct one because of the Greek origins of the two parts of the word.

Journalist and author Paul Kelly, who wrote two books on the crisis, paints this delay as a major mistake by Whitlam, given Kerr's judicial background.

At the 1963 election, Calwell hoped to build on his gains from two years earlier, but was severely crippled by a picture in the The Daily Telegraph showing he and Whitlam waiting outside a Canberra hotel for Labor's Federal Conference to tell them what policies on which they were to fight the election.

The First Whitlam Ministry in Australia is sometimes called the " Duumvirate " because it consisted entirely of the Prime Minister, Gough Whitlam, and his deputy, Lance Barnard, who between them split up all ministerial and quasi-ministerial positions for two weeks in December 1972.

For the first two weeks of Whitlam's government, before the full electoral result was known, Whitlam and Barnard formed a two-man ministry, known as a duumvirate, to govern until a full ministry could be announced.

Cracknell appeared in over 20 films and television series, including Play School ( throughout the 1960s ), The Chant of Jimmie Blacksmith ( 1978 ), the 1983 miniseries The Dismissal ( playing Margaret Whitlam ) and A Country Practice ( two episodes in 1984 ).

* December 2 – Edward Gough Whitlam becomes the first Labor Party Prime Minister of Australia for 23 years.

At Kerr's request, Whitlam informally agreed that if both men were still in office in five years, Kerr would be reappointed.

According to Gough Whitlam, this was attributed to Calwell ’ s brand of socialism, which according to Whitlam was “ an emotion rather than an ideology, a memory of the social deprivation he observed in Melbourne during the Depression years .”

In 1972, Whitlam led the Labor Party into government for the first time in 23 years, and Cairns became Minister for Overseas Trade and Minister for Secondary Industry.

The Convention, which was not elected but consisted of delegates chosen by the federal and state Parliaments, met through 1973 – 75 but was mired in the partisan atmosphere of the Whitlam years and achieved nothing.

After spending the three years of the Whitlam Labor government in opposition, Sinclair again became Minister for Primary Industry in 1975, in the Fraser government.

She was still the only female judge in South Australia when she retired 18 years later in 1983 although Justices Elizabeth Evatt and Mary Gaudron had been appointed to federal courts by the Whitlam Government.

Although he had been a member of the Labor Party for 30 years, Field was now openly critical of the Labor government of Gough Whitlam, and he was immediately expelled from the party for accepting the appointment.

He became a close advisor to the Labor leader Gough Whitlam in the years before Whitlam became Prime Minister in 1972, and largely wrote Labor's policy on Aboriginal affairs, particularly the commitment to Aboriginal land rights.

Frederick Michael Daly, AO ( 13 June 19122 August 1995 ) was a long-serving Australian Labor Party politician, a member of the Australian House of Representatives for 32 years from 1943 to 1975, and Minister for Administrative Services in the government of Gough Whitlam ( 1972 – 75 ).

* Australian federal election, 1972: The Australian Labor Party ( ALP ), led by Gough Whitlam, won 67 of the 125 seats in the House of Representatives, to take control of the government from the coalition of the Liberal Party ( headed by Prime Minister William McMahon ) and the Country Party, removing the Liberals from a majority for the first time in 23 years.

In 1973, following the election of the Whitlam Labor government, Gair retired as DLP Leader and was succeeded by McManus, who at 68 was only three years younger than Gair.