** William of Ockham ( Church of England )

At about the same time, the nominalist philosopher William of Ockham argued, in Book I of his Summa Totius Logicae ( Treatise on all Logic, written some time before 1327 ), that Categories are not a form of Being in their own right, but derivative on the existence of individuals.

Philosophers associated with empiricism include Aristotle, Alhazen, Avicenna, Ibn Tufail, Robert Grosseteste, William of Ockham, Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, Robert Boyle, John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume, Leopold von Ranke, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Popper.

If Wycliffe was in philosophy the superior of his contemporaries and had no equal in scholastic discipline, he belongs with the series of great scholastic philosophers and theologians in which England in the Middle Ages was so rich – with Alexander of Hales, Roger Bacon, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham ( Occam ), and Thomas Bradwardine.

* 1328 – William of Ockham, Franciscan Minister-General Michael of Cesena and two other Franciscan leaders secretly leave Avignon, fearing a death sentence from Pope John XXII.

* William of Ockham, the Medieval philosopher

It is named after William of Ockham of Occam's Razor fame.

Nominalism has been endorsed or defended by many, including William of Ockham, Peter Abelard, D. C. Williams ( 1953 ), David Lewis ( 1983 ), and arguably H. H. Price ( 1953 ) and W. V. O. Quine ( 1961 ).

William of Ockham argued strongly that universals are a product of abstract human thought.

Both these opinions were denied by Scotus ' pupil William of Ockham.

It can be found in the work of Peter Abelard and reached its flowering in William of Ockham, who was the most influential and thorough nominalist.

He engaged in long theological debates with other noted figures of the age, such as William of Ockham and Meister Eckhart.

Prior thinkers, particularly nominalist William of Ockham in the early 14th century, had begun the intellectual movement toward empiricism.

William of Ockham – Sketch labelled " frater Occham iste ", from a manuscript of Ockham's Summa Logicae, 1341

William of Ockham (; also Occam, Hockham, or several other spellings ; c. 1288 – c. 1348 ) was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey.

Although he is commonly known for Occam's razor, the methodological principle that bears his name, William of Ockham also produced significant works on logic, physics, and theology.

William of Ockham joined the Franciscan order at an early age.

William of Ockham was among these scholarly commentators.

William of Ockham believed " only faith gives us access to theological truths.

The standard edition of his philosophical and theological works is William of Ockham: Opera philosophica et theologica, Gedeon Gál, et al., eds.

For his political works, all but the Dialogus have been edited in William of Ockham, H. S. Offler, et al., eds.

* William of Ockham biography at University of St Andrews, Scotland

* Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: William of Ockham

* The Nominalist Ontology of William of Ockham, with an annotated bibliography

In the wake of Mussolini ’ s declaration of war against France and England on June 10, 1940, he discovered Kafka ’ s The Metamorphosis, Gogol, John Steinbeck and William Faulkner along with French films by Marcel Carné, René Clair, and Julien Duvivier.

During its lifetime Hotel Chelsea has provided a home to many great writers and thinkers including Mark Twain, O. Henry, Herbert Huncke, Dylan Thomas, Arthur C. Clarke, William S. Burroughs, Gregory Corso, Arnold Weinstein, Leonard Cohen, Sharmagne Leland-St. John, Arthur Miller, Quentin Crisp, Gore Vidal, Tennessee Williams, Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac ( who wrote On the Road there ), Robert Hunter, Jack Gantos, Brendan Behan, Simone de Beauvoir, Jean-Paul Sartre, Thomas Wolfe, Charles Bukowski, Raymond Kennedy, Matthew Richardson, James T. Farrell, Valerie Solanas, Mary Cantwell, and René Ricard.

After the death of René in 1544 his cousin William of Nassau-Dillenburg inherited all his lands.

When René died prematurely on the battlefield in 1544 his possessions passed to his cousin, William I of Orange.

When his cousin, René of Châlon, Prince of Orange, died childless in 1544, the eleven-year-old William inherited all Châlon's property, including the title Prince of Orange, on the condition that he receive a Roman Catholic education.

In an article in La France, 1915, the French critic, Remy de Gourmont described the Imagists as descendants of the French Symbolistes and in a 1928 letter to the French critic and translator René Taupin, Pound was keen to emphasise another ancestry for Imagism, pointing out that Hulme was indebted to a Symbolist tradition, linking back via William Butler Yeats, Arthur Symons and the Rhymers ' Club generation of British poets to Mallarmé.

The last descendant of the original princes, René of Nassau, left the principality to his cousin William the Silent, who was not a descendant of the original Orange family but the legal heir to the principality of Orange.

They claim the principality of Orange on the basis of agnatic inheritance, similar to that of William the Silent, inheriting from his cousin René, though not being descendants of the original princes of Orange.

* 1990 – Shakespeare: les feux de l ' envie ( A Theatre of Envy: William Shakespeare ) – René Girard

# Charles Forbes René de Montalembert, The Monks of the West from St Benedict to St Bernard, William Blackwood and Sons, London, 1867, Vol III.

René of Châlon, as the last descendant of the original princes, left the principality to his first cousin William of Nassau-Dillenburg ( better known as " William the Silent "), who was not a descendant of the original Orange family but the legal heir to the principality of Orange, and heir of all of René's lands.

It therefore overlaps both with late medieval philosophy, which in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries was influenced by notable figures such as Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, William of Ockham, and Marsilius of Padua, and early modern philosophy, which conventionally starts with René Descartes and his publication of the Discourse on Method in 1637.

Other notable visitors included François Dollier de Casson and René de Bréhant de Galinée ( 1670 ), Jean-Baptiste Céloron de Blainville ( 1749 ) and Sir William Johnson ( 1761 ).

The current focus of New Directions is threefold: discovering and acquiring many new contemporary international writers and introducing them to the US ( among these are: W. G. Sebald, Roberto Bolaño, Javier Marías, César Aira, Inger Christensen, László Krasznahorkai, and Yoko Tawada ); maintaining a tradition of publishing new and experimental American poetry and prose ( recent poets include the National Book Award-winner for poetry Nathaniel Mackey, Forrest Gander, Eliot Weinberger, Michael Palmer, Susan Howe, Thalia Field, Peter Cole, and Will Alexander ); and reissuing New Directions ' classic titles in new editions with introductions by highly praised writers and artists, including: Jonathan Lethem ( Nathaniel West's Miss Lonelyhearts and The Day of the Locust ), William Gibson ( Jorge Luis Borges's Labyrinths ), Susan Sontag ( Leonid Tsypkin's Summer in Baden-Baden ), Edwidge Danticat ( René Philoctète's Massacre River ), Sue Monk Kidd ( Thomas Merton's New Seeds of Contemplation ), John Ashbery ( Alvin Levin's Love is Like Park Avenue ), Devendra Banhart ( Kenneth Patchen's We Meet ), Will Self ( Henry Miller's The Colossus of Maroussi ), and Jeanette Winterson ( Djuna Barnes's Nightwood ).

Michals cites Balthus, William Blake, Lewis Carroll, Thomas Eakins, René Magritte, and Walt Whitman as influences on his art.

The work of thousands of artists has been exhibited in the Carnegie International, including that of Winslow Homer, James Abbott McNeill Whistler, Mary Cassatt, Camille Pissarro, Auguste Rodin, Willem de Kooning, Henry Moore, Jackson Pollock, René Magritte, Joan Miró, Alberto Giacometti, Andy Warhol, Joseph Beuys, Sigmar Polke, and William Kentridge.

Further innovations came in 1874 when the Rector, Fr William Ronan, invited a French Jesuit Colleague, Fr Jean Baptiste René, to establish an Apostolic College at the Crescent House as a seminary for men of little means.

René died in 1544, and all of his lands were inherited by William the Silent, his cousin.

William, 11 years old at the time, was the cousin of René of Châlon who died without an heir when shot at St. Dizier in 1544 during the Franco-Imperial wars.

René ’ s mother, Claudia, had held the title prior to it being passed to young William since Philibert de Châlon was her brother.

Andreas Scholl has worked with the majority of contemporary Baroque specialists, including Chiara Banchini, William Christie, Christophe Coin, Michel Corboz, Paul Dyer, John Eliot Gardiner, Reinhard Goebel, Philippe Herreweghe, Christopher Hogwood, René Jacobs, Konrad Junghänel, Robert King, Paul McCreesh, Nicholas McGegan, Roger Norrington, Christophe Rousset, Jos van Veldhoven, Dominique Veillard and Roland Wilson.