** William of Ockham ( Church of England )

At about the same time, the nominalist philosopher William of Ockham argued, in Book I of his Summa Totius Logicae ( Treatise on all Logic, written some time before 1327 ), that Categories are not a form of Being in their own right, but derivative on the existence of individuals.

Philosophers associated with empiricism include Aristotle, Alhazen, Avicenna, Ibn Tufail, Robert Grosseteste, William of Ockham, Francis Bacon, Thomas Hobbes, Robert Boyle, John Locke, George Berkeley, David Hume, Leopold von Ranke, John Stuart Mill, and Karl Popper.

If Wycliffe was in philosophy the superior of his contemporaries and had no equal in scholastic discipline, he belongs with the series of great scholastic philosophers and theologians in which England in the Middle Ages was so rich – with Alexander of Hales, Roger Bacon, Duns Scotus, William of Ockham ( Occam ), and Thomas Bradwardine.

* 1328 – William of Ockham, Franciscan Minister-General Michael of Cesena and two other Franciscan leaders secretly leave Avignon, fearing a death sentence from Pope John XXII.

* William of Ockham, the Medieval philosopher

It is named after William of Ockham of Occam's Razor fame.

Nominalism has been endorsed or defended by many, including William of Ockham, Peter Abelard, D. C. Williams ( 1953 ), David Lewis ( 1983 ), and arguably H. H. Price ( 1953 ) and W. V. O. Quine ( 1961 ).

William of Ockham argued strongly that universals are a product of abstract human thought.

Both these opinions were denied by Scotus ' pupil William of Ockham.

It can be found in the work of Peter Abelard and reached its flowering in William of Ockham, who was the most influential and thorough nominalist.

He engaged in long theological debates with other noted figures of the age, such as William of Ockham and Meister Eckhart.

Prior thinkers, particularly nominalist William of Ockham in the early 14th century, had begun the intellectual movement toward empiricism.

William of Ockham – Sketch labelled " frater Occham iste ", from a manuscript of Ockham's Summa Logicae, 1341

William of Ockham (; also Occam, Hockham, or several other spellings ; c. 1288 – c. 1348 ) was an English Franciscan friar and scholastic philosopher, who is believed to have been born in Ockham, a small village in Surrey.

Although he is commonly known for Occam's razor, the methodological principle that bears his name, William of Ockham also produced significant works on logic, physics, and theology.

William of Ockham joined the Franciscan order at an early age.

William of Ockham was among these scholarly commentators.

The standard edition of his philosophical and theological works is William of Ockham: Opera philosophica et theologica, Gedeon Gál, et al., eds.

For his political works, all but the Dialogus have been edited in William of Ockham, H. S. Offler, et al., eds.

* William of Ockham biography at University of St Andrews, Scotland

* Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy: William of Ockham

* The Nominalist Ontology of William of Ockham, with an annotated bibliography

Because unlike the Hawaiians, Cubans and Puerto Ricans, the Filipinos were willing to fight for their independence, Carnegie believed that the conquest of the islands is a denial of the fundamental democratic principle, and he also urged William McKinley to withdraw American troops and allow the Filipinos to live with their independence.

Constantine's reign of 43 years, exceeded in Scotland only by that of King William the Lion before the Union of the Crowns in 1603, is believed to have played a defining part in the gaelicisation of Pictland, in which his patronage of the Irish Céli Dé monastic reformers was a significant factor.

Poe is believed to have lived in the home at the age of 23 when he first lived with Maria Clemm and Virginia ( as well as his grandmother and possibly his brother William Henry Leonard Poe ).

William James believed that the varieties of religious experiences should be sought by psychologists, because they represent the closest thing to a microscope of the mind — that is, they show us in drastically enlarged form the normal processes of things.

However, XIII Corps commander — Lieutenant-General William Gott — rejected this and ordered the attack but on a centre line south of the original plan which he incorrectly believed was mine-free.

Neither this, nor his moves towards absolutism, provoked outright rebellion, as it was believed that he would be succeeded by his daughter Mary, a Protestant and the wife of William of Orange.

Never quite losing his Devonshire accent, he was not only an amiable and original conversationalist but a friendly and generous host, so that Fanny Burney recorded in her diary that he had " a suavity of disposition that set everybody at their ease in his society ", and William Makepeace Thackeray believed " of all the polite men of that age, Joshua Reynolds was the finest gentleman.

The historian William J. Cooper has stated that Davis believed in southern social order that included " a democratic white polity based firmly on dominance of a controlled and excluded black caste.

The King believed that Puritans ( or Dissenters ) encouraged by five vociferous members of the House of Commons, John Pym, John Hampden, Denzil Holles, Sir Arthur Haselrig and William Strode along with Viscount Mandeville ( the future Earl of Manchester ) who sat in the House of Lords, had encouraged the Scots to invade England in the recent Bishops ' Wars and that they were intent on turning the London mob against him.

William denied adultery, and Mary apparently believed and forgave him.

During much of their work, William Herschel believed that these nebulae were merely unresolved clusters of stars.

The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in approximately 1603, and based on the Italian short story Un Capitano Moro (" A Moorish Captain ") by Cinthio, a disciple of Boccaccio, first published in 1565.

Process philosophy is also believed to have influenced some 20th-century modernists, such as D. H. Lawrence, William Faulkner and Charles Olson.

Trudeau said he was willing to fight during World War II, but he believed that to do so would be to turn his back on the population of Quebec that he believed had been betrayed by the government of William Mackenzie King.

William Godwin and the Marquis de Condorcet, for example, believed in the possibility of almost limitless improvement of society.

The other faction, led by Vincent Saint John, William Trautmann, and Big Bill Haywood, believed that direct action in the form of strikes, propaganda, and boycotts was more likely to accomplish sustainable gains for working people ; they were opposed to arbitration and to political affiliation.

The financial misdeeds of various figures throughout American history sometimes casts a dark shadow on financial investing as a whole, and include names such as William Duer, Jim Fisk and Jay Gould ( the latter two believed to have been involved with an effort to collapse the U. S. gold market in 1869 ) as well as modern figures such as Bernard Madoff who " bilked billions from investors ".

" He believed in the power of radio advertising since his family's " La Palina " cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio.

William, at least, seems to have believed he had been offered the succession, but there must have been some confusion either on William's part or perhaps by both men, since the English succession was neither inherited nor determined by the reigning monarch.

William was famously biased against the Knights Templar, whom he believed to be arrogant and disrespectful of both secular and ecclesiastical hierarchies, as they were not required to pay tithes and were legally accountable only to the Pope.

Henry V is a history play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in approximately 1599.

Although he anticipated resistance to a Stuart match from the Amsterdam merchants who had disliked his mother ( another Mary Stuart ), William believed that marrying Mary would increase his chances of succeeding to Charles's kingdoms, and would draw England's monarch away from his pro-French policies.